Understanding Natural Hazards

What are the primary causes of earthquakes?

• Animal behavior

• Movement of tectonic plates, volcanic activity, human activities, and fault lines.

• Ocean currents

• Weather changes

How do earthquakes affect buildings and infrastructure?

• Earthquakes have no impact on buildings or infrastructure.

• Earthquakes can cause structural damage to buildings and infrastructure, leading to cracks, collapses, and disruptions in services.

• Earthquakes only affect the landscape, not man-made structures.

• Earthquakes improve the stability of buildings and infrastructure.

What is a tsunami and how is it generated?

• A tsunami is generated by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon.

• A tsunami is a series of ocean waves generated primarily by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides.

• A tsunami is caused by high winds and storms in the ocean.

• A tsunami is a type of tidal wave that occurs during full moons.

What coastal impacts can tsunamis have on communities?

• Tsunamis can cause flooding, destruction of infrastructure, loss of life, contamination of water supplies, and coastal erosion.

• Tsunamis have no impact on local wildlife.

• Tsunamis only affect ocean currents.

• Tsunamis can improve coastal tourism.

What are the main hazards associated with volcanic eruptions?

• Earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides

• Lava flows, ashfall, pyroclastic flows, volcanic gases, lahars.

• Flooding from heavy rainfall

• Wildfires caused by dry conditions

How can volcanic eruptions affect air travel?

• Ash clouds from eruptions create beautiful sunsets, attracting more flights.

• Volcanic eruptions can disrupt air travel by creating hazardous ash clouds that damage aircraft and lead to flight cancellations.

• Volcanic eruptions have no impact on flight schedules or safety.

• Volcanic eruptions improve air quality, enhancing flight safety.

What are the common causes of flooding in urban areas?

• Drought conditions

• Excessive snowfall

• Earthquake-induced tsunamis

• Common causes of flooding in urban areas include heavy rainfall, inadequate drainage systems, urbanization, and poor land management.

How can effective water management mitigate flooding risks?

• Effective water management reduces flooding risks by controlling water flow and enhancing absorption.

• Diverting rivers to create more flood zones

• Increasing water flow to prevent stagnation

• Reducing vegetation to enhance runoff

What factors contribute to landslides in hilly regions?

• Lack of vegetation cover

• High temperatures

• Heavy rainfall, earthquakes, soil erosion, deforestation, and geological conditions.

• Urban development

How does soil stability influence the occurrence of landslides?

• Soil stability influences landslides by determining the soil's ability to resist gravitational forces; unstable soil increases landslide risk.

• Increased soil stability always reduces landslide risk.

• Landslides only occur in rocky terrains, not in soil.

• Soil stability has no effect on landslides.