Exploring ELT Research Methods

What is the primary difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

• Qualitative research focuses on numerical data, while quantitative research focuses on non-numerical data.

• Qualitative research seeks to understand meaning, while quantitative research seeks to measure variables.

• Qualitative research is more objective than quantitative research.

• Qualitative research uses statistical analysis, while quantitative research does not.

Which sampling method gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected?

• Convenience sampling

• Quota sampling

• Random sampling

• Snowball sampling

What role does data collection play in ELT research?

• Data collection is only useful for administrative purposes.

• Data collection provides empirical evidence and insights into language learning processes and teaching effectiveness.

• Data collection hinders the natural language acquisition process.

• Data collection is primarily focused on student attendance records.

What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?

• To summarize the research findings.

• To present the literature review.

• To provide a testable prediction that guides research.

• To define the research methodology.

In a research study, what is the independent variable?

• The variable that is manipulated by the researcher

• The outcome that is measured

• The variable that stays constant

• The variable that confounds the results

An attribute or characteristic that is dependent on or influenced by the independent variable is called...

• dependent variable

• independent variable

• research question

• hypotheses

There is no relationship between independent and dependent variables or no difference between groups of an independent variable or a dependent variable is called...

• dependent variable

• alternative hypothesis

• independent variable

• null hypothesis

1. In qualitative research, hypotheses are not used; instead, inquirers use only research questions.

• True

• false

1. In qualitative research, the investigator identifies multiple variables and seeks to measure them.

• True

• False

Which of the following best describes a null hypothesis?

• A statement predicting a relationship between variables.

• A statement asserting no effect or relationship exists.

• A hypothesis that is always accepted as true.

• A hypothesis that is proven through qualitative research.