Byzantine Empire and Roman Republic Quiz

Which action by Justinian reflects the close connection between church and state in the Byzantine Empire?

• He built large churches, such as the Hagia Sophia.

• He developed and published Christian tenets.

• He relocated the capital from Rome to Byzantium.

• He was crowned head of the church by the Pope.

Answer explanation

Justinian showed the link between church and state by creating the Justinian Code, blending laws for both.

What was a key factor that led to the division between the Western and Eastern Churches into Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy?

• Declining interest in the Crusades

• Growing power of Islamic caliphates

• Opposing opinions on Christian theology

• Dwindling trade across European kingdoms

Answer explanation

The split between the Western and Eastern Churches was mainly due to differences over the Holy Spirit and the Pope’s authority, leading to the Great Schism.

How did Justinian’s Code contribute to the legal systems of Western Europe?

• It introduced the concept of trial by jury.

• It served as a foundation for many European laws.

• It established a unified church and state government.

• It focused solely on commercial and trade laws.

Answer explanation

Justinian’s Code influenced many Western European legal systems, becoming a foundation for European law.

In the Roman Republic, what was the main function of the Senate?

• To rule as the chief leaders in all civil matters

• To oversee civil and criminal courts

• To advise and debate new laws

• To vote on laws directly

Answer explanation

In the Roman Republic, the Senate advised on and debated new laws, helping shape legislation and guide governance.

Which practice from classical Greek political systems was adopted by the Romans?

• A supreme court of impartial judges

• Public baths for sanitation

• Citizens voting to participate in government

• A council of 500 landowners as advisors

Answer explanation

The Romans adopted citizen voting and civic participation from Greek democratic practices.

How did the concept of Roman citizenship aid in political stability?

• Citizenship was granted to all conquered people immediately.

• It allowed local leaders to maintain power.

• Conquered people could gain citizenship over time.

• It only extended to wealthy landowners.

Answer explanation

Roman citizenship allowed conquered people to gradually gain rights, fostering loyalty and political stability.

Which of the following best describes the political impact of the Great Schism on Europe?

• It led to the unification of the Byzantine Empire.

• It increased religious tolerance across Europe.

• It divided Europe religiously and politically.

• It reduced the influence of Christianity in the region.

Answer explanation

The Great Schism of 1054 split Christianity into Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism, dividing Europe religiously and politically.

Under Justinian’s rule, what was a primary purpose of the Hagia Sophia?

• It served as a place for military strategy meetings.

• It was a center for lawmaking.

• It symbolized the unity of church and state.

• It functioned as the main administrative building.

Answer explanation

The Hagia Sophia, built under Justinian, symbolized the unity of church and state in the Byzantine Empire.