Human Nutrition and Metabolism Concepts

What is the correct classification of saccharides based on the number of sugar molecules linked together?

• Monosaccharide (one), Disaccharide (two), Oligosaccharide (3-9), Polysaccharide (10 or more)

• Monosaccharide (one), Disaccharide (two), Trisaccharide (three), Polysaccharide (four or more)

• Simple sugar (one), Complex sugar (two), Oligosaccharide (3-9), Polysaccharide (10 or more)

• Monosaccharide (one), Disaccharide (two), Polysaccharide (three or more)

Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of a specific monosaccharide?

• Fructose is the most important member of the sugar family and can cross the blood-brain barrier.

• Galactose is commonly found in honey, fruits, and root vegetables.

• Glucose is known as "milk sugar" and is only found in nature when linked with other sugars.

• Glucose is a primary source of calories for the body and nourishes the brain.

Which disaccharide is correctly paired with its constituent monosaccharides and a common source?

• Lactose: Glucose + Fructose; found in sugar cane.

• Sucrose: Glucose + Galactose; found in milk of mammals.

• Maltose: Glucose + Glucose; found in molasses.

• Lactose: Fructose + Fructose; found in fruits.

What is a key characteristic of dietary fibers regarding human digestion?

• They are easily broken down by human intestinal enzymes, providing quick energy.

• They pass through the small intestine undigested and are partially broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.

• They are primarily responsible for the sweet taste in complex carbohydrates.

• They are absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine, leading to rapid blood glucose spikes.

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for breaking down large polysaccharides like starch into smaller units?

• Lactase

• Sucrase

• Amylase

• Maltase

After carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides, where are these simple sugars absorbed into the body?

• The stomach lining

• The gut lining

• The liver

• The pancreas

What is a primary function of insulin in the human body?

• To increase blood glucose levels.

• To break down glycogen into glucose.

• To stimulate the liver to store glucose as glycogen.

• To convert glucose into galactose.

How is fructose primarily metabolized in the liver compared to galactose?

• Fructose is directly converted into glucose, while galactose is broken down into three-carbon molecules.

• Fructose is broken down into two three-carbon molecules for glycolysis, while galactose is converted into glucose.

• Both fructose and galactose are directly stored as glycogen without further breakdown.

• Fructose is absorbed into the bloodstream, while galactose is excreted.

What percentage of daily calories is recommended to come from carbohydrates in a healthy diet?

• 10-20%

• 25-35%

• 45-65%

• 70-80%