Protein Synthesis Bellwork 8th Grade 11/8

What type of sugar makes up RNA?

• deoxyribose

• glucose

• fructose

• ribose

Answer explanation

RNA is composed of ribose sugar, which distinguishes it from DNA that contains deoxyribose. Ribose has an additional hydroxyl group, making it essential for RNA's structure and function.

What shape is RNA?

• single helix

• double helix

Answer explanation

RNA is typically found in a single helix structure, unlike DNA, which is a double helix. This single-stranded form allows RNA to perform various functions in the cell, including protein synthesis.

What base does RNA have that DNA does not?

• uracil

• thymine

• cytosine

• guanine

Answer explanation

RNA contains uracil, which replaces thymine found in DNA. This is a key difference between the two nucleic acids, making uracil the correct answer.

There are 3 types of RNA. What are they? (Select all that apply)

• tRNA

• rRNA

• mRNA

• xRNA

Answer explanation

The three types of RNA are tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA), and mRNA (messenger RNA). xRNA is not a recognized type of RNA in the context of protein synthesis.

RNA contains the sugar

• ribose

• deoxyribose

• glucose

• lactose

Answer explanation

RNA contains the sugar ribose, which is essential for its structure and function. In contrast, deoxyribose is found in DNA, while glucose and lactose are unrelated sugars.

What is the template for mRNA?

• DNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• proteins

Answer explanation

The template for mRNA is DNA. During transcription, the DNA sequence is used as a template to synthesize mRNA, which carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis.

Choose the sequence of the mRNA strand that would match up with to the following DNA strand:

GTACAT

• CATGTA

• GAUCUA

• CAUGUA

• CUTGTU

Answer explanation

The mRNA sequence is complementary to the DNA strand. For GTACAT, the corresponding mRNA is CAUGUA, where G pairs with C, T with A, A with U, and C with G. Thus, CAUGUA is the correct answer.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Answer explanation

Each amino acid is coded by a sequence of three nucleotides, known as a codon. Therefore, the correct answer is 3, as it takes three nucleotides to specify one amino acid.

How many different amino acids are there?

• 10

• 18

• 20

• Thousands

Answer explanation

There are 20 different amino acids that are standard in the genetic code, which are used to build proteins. While there are thousands of variations and modified amino acids, the core set is 20.

Three nucleotides come together to form a

• enzyme

• Codon

• DNA

• RNA

Answer explanation

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. Therefore, three nucleotides come together to form a codon.