What does the term “historia” originally mean?

• Knowledge gained from myth

• Knowledge gained through oral tradition

• Knowledge gained through inquiry or investigation

• Knowledge gained through observation

Answer explanation

The term 'historia' originates from the Greek word meaning 'inquiry' or 'investigation.' It emphasizes the process of seeking knowledge through questioning and exploration, making 'Knowledge gained through inquiry or investigation' the correct choice.

In the field of historiography, what is the main concern of "positivism"?

• Seeking unbiased historical narratives

• Requiring observable evidence for historical claims

• Emphasizing oral traditions over written records

• Studying post-colonial impacts on national history

Answer explanation

In historiography, positivism emphasizes the need for observable evidence to support historical claims, distinguishing it from other approaches that may rely on subjective interpretations or oral traditions.

What is the "Pantayong Pananaw" approach in Philippine historiography?

• Emphasis on external criticism only

• Perspective for Filipinos by Filipinos

• Emphasis on secondary sources

• Analysis from a Western viewpoint

Answer explanation

The "Pantayong Pananaw" approach emphasizes a perspective for Filipinos by Filipinos, focusing on indigenous narratives and experiences in Philippine history, contrasting with external or Western viewpoints.

Why is “multiperspectivity” important in historical analysis?

• It relies on a singular historical truth

• It considers history only from an elite perspective

• It offers varied perspectives of events and people

• It is restricted to only one historical interpretation

Answer explanation

Multiperspectivity is crucial in historical analysis as it provides varied perspectives of events and people, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of history rather than relying on a singular or elite viewpoint.

What was the Code of Kalantiaw eventually proven to be?

• A historical legal document

• A fictional creation

• A religious doctrine

• A Spanish colonial edict

Answer explanation

The Code of Kalantiaw was eventually proven to be a fictional creation, as it was fabricated and lacked historical authenticity, debunking its status as a legitimate legal document.

Who discovered that the Code of Kalantiaw was a hoax?

• Jose Rizal

• Teodoro Agoncillo

• William Henry Scott

• Emilio Jacinto

Answer explanation

William Henry Scott uncovered that the Code of Kalantiaw was a hoax through his research, debunking its authenticity and revealing it as a fabricated document, unlike the other figures listed.

The “Kartilya ng Katipunan” served primarily as a:

• Declaration of independence

• Code of conduct for Katipuneros

• Set of military strategies

• Collection of poems

Answer explanation

The "Kartilya ng Katipunan" primarily served as a code of conduct for Katipuneros, outlining the principles and values that members should uphold in their fight for independence.

Who was the author of the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”?

• Andres Bonifacio

• Emilio Jacinto

• Jose Rizal

• Gregorio del Pilar

Answer explanation

The "Kartilya ng Katipunan" was authored by Andres Bonifacio, who was a key figure in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. This document served as a guide for the members of the Katipunan, outlining their principles and goals.

What was the controversial issue about the site of the First Catholic Mass in the Philippines?

• Whether it happened in Cebu

• Whether it took place in 1520 or 1521

• Whether it was in Butuan or Limasawa

• Whether Magellan officiated the mass

Answer explanation

The controversy centers on whether the First Catholic Mass occurred in Butuan or Limasawa, as both locations claim to be the site. This debate highlights the historical significance and differing interpretations of early Philippine history.

According to Antonio Pigafetta’s account, where was the “first sign of gold” discovered in the Philippines?

• Cebu

• Butuan

• Humunu Island

• Pugad Lawin

Answer explanation

Antonio Pigafetta noted that the "first sign of gold" was discovered in Butuan, which is significant in the history of early interactions between Europeans and the Philippines.