chapter 34

The surface area of a​ plant's root system is substantially larger than the surface area of its shoot system. The extensive surface area of roots is an adaptation associated with​ ________.

• the fact that roots absorb materials while shoots do not

  
  

• the release of carbon dioxide generated by photosynthesis

  
  

• the storage of nutrients within the root system

  
  

• contact with soil particles for mineral and water absorption

  
  

• the internal structure of the vascular tissue in roots

  
  

While walking a​ cornfield, you notice roots emerging from the corn stalks​ themselves, and you suspect that these roots are helping to hold the plants upright. These roots belong to a category of roots known as​ ________.

• fibrous roots

  
  

• root hairs

  
  

• special roots

  
  

• taproots

  
  

• prop roots

  
  

Which type of modified stems grow horizontally belowground and produce new plants at​ nodes?

• thorns

  
  

• tubers

  
  

• stolons

  
  

• rhizomes

  
  

• blades

  
  

A potato is a type of​ ________ known as a​ ________.

• modified​ stem; stolon

  
  

• modified​ stem; tuber

  
  

• ​root; lateral root

  
  

• modified​ root; pneumatophore

  
  

In the​ spring, we commonly see plants popping up out of the soil from bulbs or roots underground. These plants that return year after year are known as​ ________.

• herbaceous

  
  

• annuals

  
  

• woody

  
  

• perennials

  
  

What do axillary buds produce on a​ stem?

• Leaves

  
  

• Branches

  
  

• Lateral roots

  
  

• Seeds

Why are leaves thin and​ flat?

• To maximize sunlight capture and carbon dioxide absorption

  
  

• To flutter in the wind and attract pollinators

  
  

• To minimize damage from herbivores eating the leaves

  
  

• To reduce water loss when the stomata are open

  
  

What is a companion cell​?

• the​ nutrient- and​ water-absorbing cell found in root hairs

  
  

• 
  the sugar conducting cell found in phloem

  
  

• the nucleated and organelle rich support cell found in phloem

  
  

• the widened, perforation-containing, water-conducting cell found only in angiosperms.

  
  

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that​ _____.

• vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves

  
  

• only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem

  
  

• leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not

  
  

• a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots

  
  

• root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not

  
  

Carbon dioxide enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the​ _____.

• stoma

  
  

• cuticle

  
  

• phloem

  
  

• walls of guard cells

  
  

• epidermal trichomes