Daily Spark 11/14

1. What did Darwin call his theory for evolution?

• Natural Selection

• Decent with Modification

• Accumulation of Adaptations

• Homological Evolution

Answer explanation

Darwin referred to his theory of evolution as 'Descent with Modification,' emphasizing that species evolve over time through changes passed down from their ancestors.

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2. The ______ _______ reveals the historical sequence in which organisms have evolved

• accumulating adaptions

• genetic sequence

• fossil record

• evolutionary tree

Answer explanation

The fossil record provides evidence of the historical sequence of organism evolution through preserved remains and traces, making it the correct choice for understanding evolutionary history.

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3. When two different animals have similar bones that function similarly and they have a common ancestor, they have ______

• analogous structures

• vestigial structures

• homologous structures

• artificial selection

Answer explanation

When two different animals have similar bones that function similarly due to a common ancestor, they exhibit homologous structures. This indicates shared evolutionary origins, unlike analogous structures which arise from convergent evolution.

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4. Which of the following statements is true?

• The most recent common ancestor for Ostriches and Mammals is number 4

• Lizards and snakes are more closely related to Ostriches than Hawks and other Birds

• The common ancestor 2 has tetrapod limbs and are amniotes (have a membrane that surrounds and protects an embryo during development)

• Mammals are more closely related to Lungfish than Ostriches

Answer explanation

Mammals and Lungfish share a more recent common ancestor than Ostriches, as both belong to the group of vertebrates that evolved from early fish, while Ostriches are part of a separate lineage of birds.

Tags

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5. What is the ultimate source of genetic variation?

• Interbreeding

• Crossing over

• Mutations

• Genetic Drift

Answer explanation

The ultimate source of genetic variation is mutations, which introduce new genetic material into a population. While interbreeding, crossing over, and genetic drift can shuffle existing genes, only mutations create new alleles.

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6. What three things does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state? Frequencies will remain constant if...

• a population is large

• mating is random

• there is no mutation, gene flow, or natural selection

• a population is small

Answer explanation

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that allele frequencies remain constant if a population is large, mating is random, and there is no mutation, gene flow, or natural selection. Small populations can lead to changes in frequencies.

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What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?

• Genotype refers to an organism's genetic material

  Phenotype refers to an organism's observable characteristics

• Phenotypes refers to an organism's genetic material

  Genotypes refers to an organism's observable characteristics

• Genotype refers to an organism's number of dominant alleles

  Phenotype refers to an organism's recessive alleles

• Genotype refers to an organism's number of recessive alleles

  Phenotype refers to an organism's dominant alleles

Answer explanation

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Complete the following Punnett square cross and identify the percent of each genotype:

Mm x Mm

(H. = Homozygous, R. = Recessive, D. = Dominant)

• 
• 
• 
• 

Answer explanation

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What is the recessive genotype frequency if there are 450 individuals with the recessive trait and the total population is 1,000?

• 0.50

• 45

• 0.45

Answer explanation

To find the recessive genotype frequency, divide the number of individuals with the recessive trait (450) by the total population (1000). Thus, 450/1000 = 0.45, making 0.45 the correct answer.

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In the population, 68% of the alleles are dominant alleles. What is the percentage of recessive alleles?

• 68%

• 32%

• 20%

• 40%

Answer explanation

If 68% of the alleles are dominant, the remaining alleles must be recessive. Therefore, the percentage of recessive alleles is 100% - 68% = 32%. Thus, the correct answer is 32%.

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