ACP Biology Pre-Exam

Which characteristics describe proteins? Select THREE correct answers.

• Enzymes

• Provides Cell Structure

• Energy Storage

• Aids in Transport

• Provides Insulation

Answer explanation

Proteins serve as enzymes to catalyze reactions, provide cell structure as part of membranes and cytoskeletons, and aid in transport by facilitating the movement of molecules across membranes.

Use the table to answer the question. Which cell is most likely prokaryotic?

• Cell A

• Cell B

• Cell C

• Cell D

Answer explanation

Cell B is most likely prokaryotic because it lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which are characteristic features of prokaryotic cells. The other cells may exhibit eukaryotic traits.

During the course of a day, blood sugar levels fluctuate. As meals are eaten, blood sugar levels rise and insulin is secreted. In between meals, blood sugar levels drop and glucagon is released. This is an example of —

• positive feedback

• insulin resistance

• homeostasis

• adaptation

Answer explanation

This scenario illustrates homeostasis, as the body regulates blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon to maintain a stable internal environment despite fluctuations caused by meals.

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Which statements are true about passive transport? Select TWO correct answers.

• Passive transport requires very little energy.

• Passive transport does not require energy.

• Passive transport moves against the concentration gradient.

• Passive transport moves with the concentration gradient.

• Passive transport always requires the help of proteins in the membrane.

Answer explanation

Passive transport does not require energy, as it relies on the natural movement of molecules. It moves with the concentration gradient, meaning substances move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Cell differentiation occurs when —

• DNA is deleted during the cell cycle

• mutations develop in the DNA of an organism

• specific genes in DNA are activated by environmental factors

• different types of cells in the same organism contain different DNA

Answer explanation

Cell differentiation occurs when specific genes in DNA are activated by environmental factors, allowing cells to develop distinct functions. This process does not involve DNA deletion or mutations, nor do different cell types contain different DNA.

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A diagram of the cell cycle is shown. A cancer treatment drug stops cancer cells from dividing AFTER(despues) the G2 checkpoint. During which stage of the cell cycle is this drug most effective? Select ONE correct answer.

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

Answer explanation

The drug is most effective during the M phase, as it prevents cancer cells from dividing after the G2 checkpoint. This means it targets the actual process of mitosis, where cell division occurs.

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A diagram of crossing over in meiosis is shown. What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

• Genes in the gametes recombine to increase genetic variation.

• Gametes duplicate and alter the number of chromosomes present at the end of meiosis.

• Gametes begin with 48 chromosomes and still have 48 at the end of meiosis.

• Genes replicate and ensure that the offspring have the same traits as the parents.

Answer explanation

The significance of crossing over in meiosis is that it allows genes in the gametes to recombine, which increases genetic variation. This variation is crucial for evolution and adaptation in populations.

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If two of the F₁ cats are crossed, and 16 offspring are born, how many are predicted to have blue fur and gray eyes? Enter the correct answer in the box.

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Answer explanation

In a typical Mendelian cross of F₁ cats, if blue fur and gray eyes are recessive traits, we expect 3 out of 16 offspring to exhibit these traits, based on the 9:3:3:1 ratio. Thus, the correct answer is 3.

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A fossil record is shown. What conclusion can be drawn from this fossil record?

• Hyracotherium and Equus have the same skeletal structures.

• Hyracotherium and Equus descended from a common ancestor.

• Hyracotherium and Equus belong to the same species but different kingdoms.

• Hyracotherium and Equus belong to the same genus but different phylums.

Answer explanation

The fossil record indicates evolutionary relationships. Hyracotherium and Equus share common traits, suggesting they descended from a common ancestor, rather than being the same species or genus.

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According to the theory of natural selection, what happens to a species of antelope when a new predator is introduced into their habitat?

• All of the antelope develop new physical traits to avoid the new predator, causing the predator to eventually hunt other prey species.

• Some of the antelope have the physical traits needed to avoid the new predator, enabling them to survive, reproduce, and not become prey.

• Some of the antelope develop new physical traits to avoid the new predator, and the others all die because they are not able to develop these new physical traits.

• All of the antelope have the same physical traits. They either all survive or all die.

Answer explanation

According to natural selection, not all antelope will develop new traits. Instead, some already possess traits that help them evade the new predator, allowing them to survive and reproduce, while others may not survive.

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