Chapter 7 - Principles of language learning and teaching

Sociocultural theory in SLA emphasizes the role of:

• Cognitive processes only

• Social interaction and cultural context

• Grammar and syntax rules

• Individual memorization

According to sociocultural theory, learning is most effective when it occurs in:

• Isolation

• A structured academic environment only

• Socially interactive contexts

• A controlled language laboratory

The “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) was developed by:

• Skinner

• Vygotsky

• Chomsky

• Piaget

The ZPD in language learning is:

• A fixed period where language learning is best

• The range of tasks learners can perform with assistance

• The timeframe in which adults learn better than children

• The age at which language learning is most efficient

Scaffolding refers to:

• Independent language practice

• Support provided by an expert to aid learning

• Isolated vocabulary memorization

• The role of grammar exercises

Language socialization refers to the process by which:

• Learners memorize words in isolation

• Language learners are integrated into social and cultural norms

• Teachers give structured grammar exercises

• Learning takes place independently

In SLA, “identity” is shaped by:

• The amount of grammar a learner studies

• The interactions and affiliations developed in the target language

• Vocabulary memorization

• The native language only

Which of the following is considered a sociocultural factor in SLA?

• Innate language ability

• Vocabulary size

• Interaction with speakers of the target language

• Memorization strategies

“Acculturation” refers to the process of:

• Losing one’s native language

• Learning vocabulary only

• Adapting to and adopting aspects of a new culture

• Developing language strategies independently

The concept of “agency” in SLA involves:

• How learners memorize grammar rules

• Learners’ capacity to make choices and exert control in their learning

• The reliance on translation for understanding

• Learning through isolated practice