Skeletal System Review Part 1

Match the following

• Tendons

• Extracellular matrix is made up primarily of collagen, so is flexible but very tough and holds bones together.

• Bone

• Extracellular matrix is made up of collagen and water-holding

  molecules for cushioning joints.

• Cartilage

• Attach muscles to bones.

• Ligaments

• Extracellular matrix is made up of osteiod

Match the following

• Long bones

• Bones such as the ribs, scapula, and sternum.

• Short bones

• Bones such as the vertebrae and facial bones.

• Flat bones

• Bones as broad as they are long, e.g., ankle and wrist bones.

• Irregular bones

• Bones longer than they are wide, e.g., limb bones.

Each long bone consists of a shaft, called the ​ (a)   anda(n) ​​​ (b)   at each end of the bone. A long bone that is stillgrowing has a(n) ​ ​ (c)   , composed of cartilage, between each epiphysis and the diaphysis. When bone growth stops, the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, and is called the ​ (d)   . The large cavity in the diaphysis is called the ​ (e)   .

• diaphysis
• Epiphysis
• Epiphyseal plate
• Epiphyseal line
• Medullary cavity

The medullary cavity and other spaces are filled with soft tissue called​ (a)   . Yellow marrow consists mostly of ​ fat , whereas red marrow consists of ​ (b)   cells. Most of the outer surface of the bone is covered by a connective tissue membrane called the ​​ (c)   , which contains blood vessels and nerves. The medullary cavity is lined with a thinner connective tissue membrane, the ​ (d)   . The periosteum and endosteum contain ​ (e)   , which function in the formation, repair, and remodeling of bone.

• marrow
• blood-forming
• periosteum
• endosteum
• osteoblasts

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Bone is formed in thin sheets of extracellular matrix called

​ (a)   , with bone cells, called ​ (b)   between the lamellae. The

osteocytes are located within spaces called ​ (c)   . Cell processes

extend from the osteocytes across the extracellular matrix of the

lamellae within tiny canals called ​ (d)   .

• lamellae
• osteocytes
• lacunae
• canaliculi

Most of the lamellae of compact bone are organized into sets of concentric rings with each set surrounding a ​ (a)   . Within the central canal are ​ (b)   that run parallel to the long axis of the bone. Each central canal with the lamellae and osteocytes surrounding it, is called a(n) ​ (c)   . The osteocytes are connected to each other by cell processes located in ​ (d)   . Blood vessels in the ​ (e)   supply blood to vessels in the central canal.

• central canal
• blood vessels
• osteon
• canaliculi
• periosteum and endosteum

Cancellous (spongy) bone consists of delicate interconnecting rods or plates of bone called ​​ (a)   . The spaces between the trabeculae are filled with ​ (b)   . Each trabecula consists of several lamellae, with ​ (c)   between the lamellae. Usually no ​ (d)   penetrate the trabeculae, and the trabeculae have no

central canals. Nutrients pass by diffusion through the ​ (e)   to the osteocytes of the trabeculae.

• Trabeculae
• Marrow
• Osteocytes
• Blood vessels
• canaliculi

Bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membranes.

• intramembranous ossification
• endochondral ossification

Answer explanation

Ossification process that occurs primarily in the flat bones ofthe skull. - ​ ​ ​

• endochondral ossification

• intramembranous ossification

Ossification process that produces most of the skeletal system. -

• endochondral ossification

• intramembranous ossification