Describe what happens to the particles in water when it boils.

They move faster and spread apart.

They move slower and come closer together.

Why do solids generally have a higher density than liquids?

Because their particles are more closely packed

Because their particles move faster

Because their particles are lighter

Because their particles are larger

What happens at the molecular level when chocolate melts in your mouth?

Molecular bonds break, and the crystal structure becomes a liquid.

Molecules freeze and harden more.

What is the effect of adding thermal energy to a solid substance?

The particles move faster and may change phase.

The particles move slower and may change phase.

The particles stop moving and may change phase.

The particles do not move and may change phase.

What happens to the particles of water as it changes phase from a solid to a gas during sublimation?

They stay in the same positions.

In the PhET States of Matter simulation, what is observed when solid particles are heated?

Their kinetic energy increases and they move more vigorously.

They become still and stop moving.

How does boiling differ from evaporation?

Boiling can happen throughout the liquid, whereas evaporation happens only at the surface.

Boiling occurs only at lower temperatures.

Evaporation occurs throughout the liquid.

Evaporation requires external heat.

How does the kinetic energy of particles relate to the temperature of an object?

Higher kinetic energy means higher temperature.

Higher kinetic energy means lower temperature.

Temperature does not change with kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy only affects the color of the object.

How do the particles of a liquid behave differently from those in a solid?

Particles in a liquid are loosely packed and move freely past each other.

Particles in a liquid are closely packed and vibrate in place.

Particles in a liquid are fixed in position and do not move.

Particles in a liquid are arranged in a regular pattern and move in fixed paths.

What happens to the kinetic energy of molecules as a substance goes from a liquid to a gas?

Kinetic energy increases as the molecules move faster.

Kinetic energy decreases as the molecules slow down.

Kinetic energy transforms into kinetic potential.

What do you predict happens to the kinetic energy of water particles when the water is heated?

The kinetic energy stays the same.

How does condensation form from water vapor?

Water vapor loses energy and changes back into liquid.

Water vapor gains energy and solidifies.

Water vapor absorbs thermal energy and becomes solid water.

Water vapor does not change state.

When water boils, what happens to its particles at a molecular level?

They gain kinetic energy and move rapidly away from each other.

They lose kinetic energy and stop moving.

They form a tightly packed solid structure.

They remain stationary and bound together.

What is one evidence that supports water phase changes being physical and not chemical changes?

The molecular structure of water (one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms) remains unchanged.

The water molecules combine to form new substances.

The bonds within water molecules break and reform in new ways.

Water becomes chemically unstable during phase changes.

In the PhET simulation, what is the effect of removing thermal energy on neon gas particles?

Particles slow down and may become a liquid or solid.

What does the kinetic-molecular theory suggest about the movement of particles in different states of matter?

Particles are always moving; their speed varies with temperature.

Only gas particles are in motion.

Liquid particles are motionless.

What happens to a cup of hot chocolate left on the counter over time?

It cools down by transferring thermal energy to its surroundings.

What do liquid particles do?

They roll around each other but stay close together.

What is the main difference in particle motion between a solid and a gas?

Gas particles move very fast, while solid particles move very slowly.

Gas particles move very slowly, while solid particles move very fast.

Why does nitrogen change from liquid to gas as shown in Figure 4.1? Support your choice with a reasoned explanation.

A substantial increase in temperature causes nitrogen molecules to gain energy and become gas.

Nitrogen changes to gas naturally over time without needing a temperature change.

The temperature decrease causes the nitrogen to heat up and turn into gas.

How does heat affect the movement of particles in a substance? Draw an example of a model to support your answer.

Adding heat increases the movement of particles.

Adding heat decreases the movement of particles.

Removing heat increases the movement of particles.

How does condensation relate to the states of matter? Assess the accuracy of each statement and defend your choice.

Condensation is the process of a gas becoming a liquid.

Condensation requires that a liquid becomes a solid first.

Condensation happens when a liquid directly turns into gas without a middle state.

How does increasing thermal energy affect the state of matter of a substance? Assess the accuracy of each statement and defend your choice.

Increasing thermal energy can cause a solid to become a liquid or a gas.

Increasing thermal energy can cause a gas to become a solid.

Increasing thermal energy has no effect on the state of matter.

What physical change occurs when water boils?

Water changes from a liquid to a gas.

Water changes from a solid to a liquid.

Water changes from a gas to a liquid.

Water changes from a liquid to a solid.

Water molecules gain energy and change from liquid to gas at any location in the liquid. Choose the correct statement.

Water molecules gain energy and change from liquid to gas at any location in the liquid.

Boiling water turns immediately into a solid.

Boiling occurs only at the surface of the water.

In what way do particles behave in solid ice compared to liquid water? Draw an example of a model to support your answer.

In solid ice, particles vibrate slowly and are closely spaced, unlike in liquid water.

Ice particles are more dispersed and move faster than those in water.

Ice particles have the same amount of motion as those in liquid water.

What happens to the particles of a gas when it is cooled down? Choose the best answer and explain.

The particles slow down and may become a liquid or solid.

The particles gain kinetic energy.

The particles move faster and spread apart more.

What is the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature in matter? Choose the best answer and explain.

Higher temperatures generally mean higher kinetic energy in particles.

There is no connection between temperature and kinetic energy.

Lower temperatures make particles move faster, increasing kinetic energy.

Why is it important to record the temperature while heating ice water? Choose the best answer and explain.

Temperature data allows us to track phase changes and energy transfer.

Recording temperature has no importance in scientific investigations.

Temperature recording makes sure the equipment is functioning.

What indicates that water is boiling in an experiment? Explain your claim with evidence and reasoning.

Water forms bubbles throughout the liquid, not just on the surface.

Water stops moving and stays completely still.

Water turns into a solid phase.

How does the particle motion differ between solids and gases? Draw and label a picture explaining your choice.

Particles in gases move freely and are widely spaced, while in solids they vibrate slowly and are closely packed.

Particles in solids move more freely than those in gases.

Particles in gases are completely still while solids move quickly.

Describe evaporation using peppermint oil as an example. Support your claim with evidence and reasoning.

Peppermint oil changes from liquid to gas due to energy from the surroundings.

Peppermint oil becomes a solid during evaporation.

Evaporation means the oil molecules chemically turn into different elements.

What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy according to the kinetic-molecular theory? Evaluate the statements and provide your reasoning.

Higher temperature means higher kinetic energy of the particles.

Temperature and kinetic energy are unrelated.

Higher temperature means lower kinetic energy of the particles.

How does water vapor behave compared to liquid water? Explain your answer with a drawing.

Water vapor particles move freely and are spread apart, unlike liquid water.

Water vapor particles are tightly bound like in solids.

Water vapor is a solid form of water.

How does the transfer of energy play a role in the melting of ice and its eventual evaporation?

Energy transfer causes ice to absorb heat, leading to melting and eventually evaporation.

Energy transfer causes ice to release heat, leading to melting and eventually evaporation.

Energy transfer has no effect on the melting of ice and its evaporation.

Energy transfer causes ice to freeze further, preventing melting and evaporation.

Lesson 4 Study Guide

Authored by Montarre Smith

Science

8th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 1+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

Kinetic energy decreases.

Kinetic energy increases.

Kinetic energy remains the same.

Kinetic energy becomes negative.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In what state of matter do molecules have the highest kinetic energy?

Gas

Solid

Liquid

Plasma

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

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Lesson 4 Study Guide

In which phase of matter are particles the most closely packed?

What happens to particles when a substance goes from a solid to a liquid?

What happens to the density of nitrogen when it changes from liquid to gas?

What happens to the density of a substance when it is heated?

What is the phenomenon when particles change from liquid to gas at the surface of the liquid called?

What happens to kinetic energy when thermal energy is removed from a gas?

In what state of matter do molecules have the highest kinetic energy?

What must be added to a system to change ice into water?

What condition would make water change from liquid to gas?

When water condenses, what phase change occurs?

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