Mexican National Era & Empresarios

What event is considered the beginning of Mexico’s struggle for independence from Spain?

• Cinco de Mayo

• The Cry of Dolores

• Battle of Puebla

• Battle of Gonzales

Who led the initial call for Mexico’s independence with the Cry of Dolores?

• Father Miguel Hidalgo

• Stephen F. Austin

• Santa Anna

• Benito Juárez

Why did Father Miguel Hidalgo resent Spanish rule?

• His community had always been poor

• His family lost everything due to Spanish taxes and debt policies

• He was imprisoned by the Spanish government

• He wanted to rule Mexico himself

What happened to Father Hidalgo after his initial successes against the Spanish?

• He was crowned the leader of Mexico

• He fled to the United States

• He was captured and executed

• He was forced to work for the Spanish

How do Mexicans typically celebrate Independence Day on September 16?

• By holding military parades and reenactments of the Battle of Puebla

• With fireworks, food, and reenactments of Hidalgo’s cry

• By exchanging gifts and decorating trees

• By organizing protests against Spain

Who were the Tejanos?

• Spanish officials overseeing Texas

• Mexican Texans living in Texas after Mexico’s independence

• Mexican soldiers fighting for Spain

• Anglo-American settlers in Texas

Why did Mexico invite settlers to Texas through the empresario system?

• To help establish churches in Texas

• To strengthen control, protect the area, encourage development, and prevent U.S. influence

• To sell land to American buyers

• To build a military base against the U.S.

Who was the first major empresario to bring Anglo settlers to Texas?

• Santa Anna

• Stephen F. Austin

• Father Miguel Hidalgo

What was a key source of tension between Anglo-American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government?

• The settlers' refusal to adopt Mexican food customs

• Their loyalty to the U.S. and differences over slavery

• The settlers’ desire to return to the U.S.

• The lack of Spanish language schools in Texas

What event marked the start of the Texas Revolution?

• The Battle of Puebla

• The Capture of Father Hidalgo

• The battle in Gonzales over a defense cannon, with settlers flying a “Come and Take It” flag

• Santa Anna’s announcement of new taxes in Texas