ynares post-test

Which symptom is indicative of advanced emphysema?

• A. Cyanosis and pallor

• B. Frequent productive cough

• C. Flattened diaphragm on chest X-ray

• D. Blood-tinged sputum

Answer explanation

Answer: C. Flattened diaphragm on chest X-ray
Rationale: A flattened diaphragm seen on a chest X-ray is indicative of lung hyperinflation, a hallmark of advanced emphysema.

The peak flow meter measures which parameter in asthma patients?

• A. Total lung capacity

• B. Peak expiratory flow rate

• C. Residual volume

• C. Residual volume

Answer explanation

Answer: B. Peak expiratory flow rate

Rationale: The peak flow meter is used to measure the peak expiratory flow rate, indicating airway obstruction.

What is the most common causative agent of respiratory infections in COPD patients?

• S. Aureus

• P. Aeruginosa

• H. Influenzae

• S. Pneumoniae

Answer explanation

Answer: C. Haemophilus influenzae

Rationale: Haemophilus influenzae is a frequent pathogen in respiratory infections complicating COPD.

In patients with chronic bronchitis, which physiological change primarily contributes to hypoxemia?

• A. Decreased lung compliance

• B. Mucus hypersecretion and airway obstructioN

• C. Destruction of alveolar walls

• D. Loss of elastic recoil

Which of the following ABG findings is most likely in a severe asthma exacerbation?

• A. pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, PaO2 80 mmHg

• B. pH 7.35, PaCO2 45 mmHg, PaO2 90 mmHg

• C. pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mmHg, PaO2 60 mmHg

• D. pH 7.45, PaCO2 35 mmHg, PaO2 100 mmHg

Answer explanation

Answer: C. pH 7.30, PaCO2 55 mmHg, PaO2 60 mmHg

Rationale: In severe asthma, hypoventilation can lead to respiratory acidosis (low pH, high PaCO2) and hypoxemia.

What is the rationale for using beta-agonists as a first-line treatment in acute asthma exacerbations?

• A. They decrease mucus production in the airways

• B. They suppress the immune response to allergens

• C. They cause bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscle

• D. They reduce airway inflammation directly

Answer explanation

Answer: C. They cause bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscle

Rationale: Beta-agonists like albuterol are bronchodilators that relax bronchial smooth muscle, providing rapid relief from bronchospasm

11. Which aspect of asthma management is most effective in preventing exercise-induced bronchospasm?

• A. Use of a long-acting beta-agonist 5 minutes before exercise

• B. Pre-exercise administration of a leukotriene receptor antagonist

• C. Taking a short-acting beta-agonist 30 minutes before exercise

• D. Increasing fluid intake prior to exercise

A key nursing intervention for bronchiectasis includes:

• A. Administering corticosteroids long-term

• B. Teaching postural drainage techniques

• C. Avoiding antibiotics to prevent resistance

• D. Limiting fluid intake

Answer explanation

Answer: B. Teaching postural drainage techniques

Rationale: Postural drainage is crucial for removing purulent material from the bronchi in bronchiectasis patients.

Which of the following medications is commonly used as a bronchodilator in asthma management?

• Prednisone

• Albuterol

• Beclomethasone

• Acetylcysteine

What condition is characterized by permanent dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles?

• Emphysema

• Chronic Bronchitis

• Pneumonia

• Bronchiectasis