Unit 2 Review Game (Y+L)

Which of the following best describes "Equal Protection" under the Fourteenth Amendment?

• It guarantees that all citizens have equal access to government benefits, regardless of income.

• It requires that all laws be applied equally to all citizens, regardless of their actions.

• It ensures that government laws or actions do not unfairly discriminate against individuals or groups.

• It protects individuals from discrimination in the workplace based on gender or race.

Which of the following best describes the "Balancing Test" used by judges?

• A method for determining the financial damages in a legal case.

• A process where judges evaluate competing interests and decide which one should take precedence in a legal dispute.

• A strategy for ensuring that all parties involved in a case are treated equally under the law.

• A technique for deciding the guilt or innocence of a defendant based on evidence.

Jessica works as a manager at a local café. One day, her coworker Mark tells several people in the community that Jessica was caught stealing money from the register, even though this is completely false. As a result, Jessica’s reputation is severely damaged, and she begins to lose business and customer trust. Jessica considers taking legal action against Mark for his statements. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the situation Jessica is facing?

• Jessica is a victim of libel, because the false statement was written.

• Jessica is a victim of negligence, because Mark did not verify his statement.

• Jessica is a victim of defamation, but only if the statement was made to her personally.

• Jessica is a victim of slander, because the false statement was spoken.

Sarah is a well-known local business owner. One day, a popular online news website publishes an article falsely claiming that Sarah’s business has been involved in fraudulent activities, even though there is no truth to the accusation. The article spreads quickly on social media, and as a result, Sarah’s reputation is seriously harmed, causing a loss of customers and business. Which of the following legal concepts best describes the situation Sarah is facing?

• Sarah is a victim of slander, because the false statement was spoken aloud.

• Sarah is a victim of libel, because the false statement was written and published.

• Sarah is a victim of negligence, because the online news website did not fact-check its article.

• Sarah is a victim of invasion of privacy, because the article was about her personal life.

During a heated argument at a local bar, Tom, in a face-to-face confrontation with Jerry, yells at him, calling him a coward and a "good-for-nothing loser" while getting into his personal space. Tom’s words are highly provocative and make Jerry so angry that he immediately tries to physically confront Tom. A nearby police officer steps in before any physical altercation happens. Which of the following best describes the situation in the scenario?

• Tom’s words qualify as fighting words, as they were spoken directly to Jerry and were likely to provoke an immediate violent response.

• Tom’s words qualify as slander, because they were spoken and damaged Jerry's reputation.

• Tom’s words qualify as free speech, protected by the First Amendment, regardless of how provocative they were.

• Tom’s words qualify as defamation, as they were false and intended to harm Jerry's reputation.

During a high school assembly, several students quietly wear black armbands to protest a recent military conflict. The school principal, noticing the armbands, orders the students to remove them, arguing that the display is disruptive to the event. The students, however, claim that wearing the armbands is a form of protest and a way to express their views on the war. Which of the following best describes the students’ actions?

• The students are violating the school's dress code by wearing clothing not approved by the administration.

• The students are engaging in symbolic speech, as wearing black armbands is a form of conduct that expresses a political idea.

• The students are engaging in illegal speech because protesting the war on school grounds is not allowed.

• The students are practicing their freedom of speech, but only if they are vocalizing their opinions, not through symbolic acts.

A government agency reviews a new film that depicts controversial political ideas and protests against government policies. The agency decides to cut several scenes from the movie, arguing that they could incite violence and unrest among viewers. The filmmakers are upset but are required to comply with the government’s decision if they want the film to be shown in theaters. Which of the following best describes the government’s actions in this scenario?

• The government is violating the filmmakers' rights to free expression by restricting their artistic choices.

• The government is engaging in censorship by denying the filmmakers their freedom of speech and altering their film for public distribution.

• The government is protecting national security by restricting speech that could cause public harm.

• The government is not engaged in censorship because the film was not banned outright, only altered.

Which of the following best describes a "Gag Order"?

• A court order requiring all parties in a case to remain silent during a trial.

• A court order that restricts public reporting on a case to prevent media influence on the trial.

• A law prohibiting the public from attending court hearings.

• A rule allowing the court to expel individuals who disrupt proceedings in the courtroom.

Which of the following best defines "Prior Restraint"?

• A government action that prevents a publication from being released or distributed before it is printed.

• A law that allows the government to punish publishers for false or defamatory content after it is published.

• A court order that requires a publication to retract false information after it is released.

• A legal defense used by publishers to protect freedom of speech in defamation cases.

A local activist group organizes a peaceful protest in a city park, which has traditionally been used for public gatherings and demonstrations. The group holds signs and chants in support of environmental causes. However, the city quickly sends law enforcement to disperse the crowd, arguing that the protest is disrupting the peace and causing public inconvenience. Which of the following best describes the situation based on the concept of "Public Forum"?

• The protestors are violating the law by gathering in a public forum without a permit, which the city is entitled to enforce.

• The city can legally disperse the crowd because public forums do not allow protests, only passive speech.

• The protestors are engaging in illegal speech, and their First Amendment rights can be restricted in any public location.

• The protestors' actions are protected under the First Amendment because the park is a public forum where freedom of expression is traditionally allowed.