Sleep Check

A business executive flies from New York to Paris, a 6-hour time difference. Despite feeling tired, she has trouble falling asleep at 11 PM Paris time because her body's internal clock still registers it as 5 PM New York time. She finds herself wide awake at 3 AM Paris time and exhausted during her afternoon meetings. After several days, her sleep-wake cycle gradually adjusts to the new time zone. This temporary disruption of the body's circadian rhythm due to rapid travel across time zones illustrates:

• sleep apnea

• jet lag

• narcolepsy

• sleep paralysis

A sleep researcher monitors a participant's brain waves during different sleep stages. During one particular period, the EEG shows large-amplitude, low-frequency delta waves, and the participant is very difficult to awaken. When awakened, they appear confused and groggy. During this stage, the researcher notes increased release of growth hormone, enhanced immune system activity, and the highest rates of physical restoration and repair. The participant also reports no dream content when awakened. This sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves and deep restorative processes is:

• NREM Stage 1

• REM Sleep

• NREM Stage 3

• NREM Stage 2

A graduate student participates in a sleep study where she is awakened every time she enters REM sleep for three consecutive nights. On the fourth night, when allowed to sleep normally, monitoring shows she spends significantly more time in REM sleep than usual (40% rather than her typical 25%), and her dreams are more vivid and frequent. The researchers explain that this increased intensity and duration of REM sleep following REM sleep deprivation demonstrates:

• REM rebound

• sleep inertia

• circadian disruption

• microsleep

4. During a sleep study, researchers observe a participant entering a distinctive sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movements, increased heart rate, shallow irregular breathing, and complete loss of muscle tone despite high brain activity. EEG readings show brain wave patterns similar to wakefulness. When awakened during this period, the participant vividly recalls a complex dream about flying. The sleep technician explains that these physiological changes and dream experiences are characteristic features of:

• NREM Stage 3

• NREM Stage 2

• REM sleep

• hypnagogic state

A truck driver's wife notices concerning patterns in his sleep: he snores loudly, repeatedly stops breathing for periods of 20-30 seconds, then gasps and briefly awakens before falling back asleep. During the day, he experiences severe fatigue, morning headaches, and difficulty concentrating. His doctor explains that his obesity has caused excess tissue to block his airway during sleep, leading to repeated breathing interruptions and oxygen deprivation. These repeated breathing pauses during sleep, resulting in fragmented sleep and daytime impairment, indicate:

• sleep paralysis

• narcolepsy

• night terrors

• sleep apnea

The hormone that increases feelings of relaxation and sleepiness and signals that it is time to go to sleep:

• melatonin

• sleep deprived

• short sleepers

• jet lag

The pattern of sleeping in a 24-hour period is:

• sleep-wake cycle

• jet lag

• REM sleep

• circadian rhythm

Naturally occurring physical, behavioral, and mental changes in the body that typically follow the 24-hour cycle of the sun is called:

• circadian rhythm

• sleep deficit

• REM sleep

• jet lag