Understanding Chromosomes and Karyotypes

What common misconception might arise from diagrams showing chromosomes in an X shape?

• All chromosomes are X-shaped.

• Chromosomes are shaped like letters of the alphabet.

• Chromosomes are only found in humans.

• Chromosomes are always visible.

What are chromosomes primarily made of?

• Lipids and carbohydrates

• DNA and proteins

• Proteins and lipids

• RNA and carbohydrates

What is the role of histones in chromosome structure?

• They replicate DNA.

• They transport DNA out of the nucleus.

• They package DNA into nucleosomes.

• They break down DNA.

During which phase are chromosomes duplicated?

• Anaphase

• Interphase

• Metaphase

• Prophase

How many chromatids are present in a human cell during interphase?

• 46

• 23

• 92

• 69

What is a karyotype?

• A process of DNA replication

• An image of all chromosomes in a cell

• A type of cell division

• A type of genetic mutation

Why are karyotypes typically taken during metaphase?

• Chromosomes are least visible.

• Chromosomes are most condensed and visible.

• Chromosomes are being replicated.

• Chromosomes are being divided.

How are chromosomes arranged in a karyotype?

• By color

• In homologous pairs

• In random order

• By size and shape

What is the significance of identifying homologous pairs in a karyotype?

• To determine the age of the organism

• To measure the size of chromosomes

• To identify genetic disorders

• To count the number of cells

What role do genetic counselors play in relation to karyotypes?

• They perform surgeries.

• They diagnose diseases.

• They create karyotypes.

• They help understand genetic disorders.