Hypothesis Testing

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What is the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

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The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption that is tested against an alternative hypothesis.

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What does a small p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?

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A small p-value (typically less than 0.05) indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that the observed data is unlikely under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.

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What is the significance level (alpha) in hypothesis testing?

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The significance level (alpha) is the threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05, which corresponds to a 5% risk of concluding that a difference exists when there is no actual difference.

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What is a t-test used for in hypothesis testing?

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A t-test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups, especially when the sample size is small and the population standard deviation is unknown.

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What is the purpose of a 2 Sample Z-Test?

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A 2 Sample Z-Test is used to compare the proportions of two independent groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them.

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What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

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Rejecting the null hypothesis means that the evidence suggests that the alternative hypothesis is true, indicating a statistically significant effect or difference.

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What is the alternative hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

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The alternative hypothesis (H1) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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How do you interpret a p-value of 0.003 in hypothesis testing?

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A p-value of 0.003 indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to the conclusion that there is a significant difference at the alpha level of 0.05.

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What is the difference between one-tailed and two-tailed tests?

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A one-tailed test assesses the direction of an effect (greater than or less than), while a two-tailed test assesses whether there is any difference (either greater or less) without specifying a direction.

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What is a confidence interval in the context of hypothesis testing?

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A confidence interval is a range of values derived from sample data that is likely to contain the population parameter with a specified level of confidence, often used to assess the precision of an estimate.