WH Ch. 8 Review

At the top of Spanish-American society were the _____________, those who were born in Spain.

• indigenas
• mestizos
• peninsulares
• criollos

Who were the Creoles?

• Spaniards born in Latin America

• Mixed European and Indian

• Mixed European and African

• Indians

The French colony of ______________ was the first Latin American territory to free itself from European rule.

• Argentina
• Brazil
• Saint-Domingue
• Cuba

The revolt on Saint-Domingue was first led by ___________.

• Marquis de Lafayette
• Henri Christophe
• Toussaint Louverture
• Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Jean-Jacques Dessalines took over the revolution on Saint-Domingue and renamed it _______.

• Dominica
• Jamaica
• Cuba
• Haiti

Which of these men aided South American territories in gaining their independence from Spain?

• Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro
• Augusto Pinochet and Rafael Trujillo
• Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos
• Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín

Which groups led the push for independence in Mexico?

• Spanish colonizers and their allies
• Wealthy landowners and foreign investors
• Mexican government officials and military leaders
• Mestizos and indigenous peoples

Which priest was first leader of the Mexican independence movement?

• Agustín de Iturbide
• Vicente Guerrero
• José María Morelos
• Miguel Hidalgo

After Padre Morelos was defeated, why did the creoles support Mexican independence?

• To become a French colony instead

• They wanted to show how loyal they were to Spain.

• They feared Spain would take away their privileges.

• To avoid conflict with indigenous groups

What was unique about Brazil's independence from Portugal?

• Brazil's independence was relatively peaceful and without bloodshed.

• Brazil's independence was declared by a foreign power.
• Brazil gained independence through a military coup.
• Brazil's independence was marked by a violent revolution.