DNA to Protein and Mutations

Which best describes why protein functions are diverse?

• Some proteins are not formed from amino acids.

• Protein creation is an unregulated process.  

• All proteins contain unique three-dimensional structures.

• Proteins are formed through different types of bonds.

Proteins play many different and important roles in the body. Explain how all of the types of proteins within the body are similar and how they are different. Then, describe if all cells are able to code for proteins.

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​ ​ (a)   ​ ​ ​ is a secti​ ​ on of DNA that is required to make a protein. The section of DNA undergoes ​ ​ (b)   in order to synthesize a protein. As amino acids are put together, their ​ (c)   ​ determines the way in which they will fold into a three-dimensional structure. It is the ​ ​ (d)   of the folded structure that determines its function.

• A gene
• transcription and translation
• sequence
• shape
• a chromosome
• length
• size
• an amino acid
• mitosis and meiosis

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What must happen in DNA for transcription to begin?

• The bonds between the bases and the sugar phosphate backbones must break.

• The bonds between the bases and the sugar phosphate backbones must duplicate

• The bonds between the base pairs must break.

• The bonds between the base pairs must duplicate.

What prompts transcription to begin?

• Amino acids link together from ribosomes.

• 
  A protein releases from a ribosome

• An enzyme binds to a sequence of base pairs in DNA.

• Nucleotides build into a strand of mRNA.

What does transcription produce?

• an exact copy of DNA

• different types of RNA

• polymerase enzymes

• amino acid sequences

What is the purpose of transcription?

• to create a sequence of RNA bases that breaks down a sequence of DNA bases

• to create a sequence of RNA bases that complements a sequence of DNA bases

• to create a sequence of DNA bases that deletes a sequence of RNA bases

• to create a sequence of DNA bases that duplicates a sequence of RNA bases

What is the purpose of the base sequence that results from transcription?

• to transform into carbohydrate molecules

• to code for making a specific protein

• to replicate molecules of DNA

• to substitute for essential amino acids

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