Chapter 13 Review

Most accurately, the easy defeat of Native Americans by the Spanish was the result of

• the overwhelming number of European soldiers that invaded and surrounded their opponents

• the Spanish use of superior military technology and horses

• the weakening of Spanish forces as a result of disease

• all the answers are true

Which of the following statements concerning the people responsible for the conquest of Latin America is most accurate?

• Most conquerors were high Spanish nobles with close ties to the royal court so many expeditions were long greedy efforts to maximize profits.

• Most conquerors were peasants who initiated their expeditions without knowledge or approval of the Spanish crown.

• Most conquerors were ambitious men from the middle rung of society that claimed dominion over natives.

• Most of the conquerors were professional soldiers accompanied by women and missionaries in order to civilize the process.

What accounted for the majority of the population loss suffered by Native Americans after the European arrival?

• Internal civil conflicts

• Enslavement

• Epidemic diseases

• Losses in warfare

The colonial governments replaced the labor of the encomienda with forced labor of enslaved Africans as well as wage labor for Indians on 

• haciendas

• consulados

• obreros

• mitas

Which of the following Indian institutions was retained by the Spanish in Mexico and Peru to serve European administrative purposes?

• The Aztec emperor

• The priestly class

• The Indian nobility

• All the answers are correct

The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 divided the world into spheres of influence belonging to

• Britain and France.

• Portugal and Spain.

• Mexico and Peru.

• Spain and England.

What region became the first dominant and sustained plantation colony?

• Brazil

• Mexico

• Peru

• North America

What was the basis for the social hierarchy that developed in the Americas?

• Racial origins

• Artisan & craftmenship

• Education

• Wealth

Select the answer that correctly orders the social structure of Latin America from highest class to lowest class.

• Peninsulares, Mestizos,

  Creoles,

  Free Blacks,

  Native Americans

• Peninsulares,

  Creoles,

  Mestizos,

  Native Americans,

  Enslaved people

• Creoles,

  Peninsulares,

  Mestizos,

  Enslaved people

• Mestizos,

  Creoles,

  Peninsulares,

  Native Americans

Which of the following had the most REPRESENTATIVE government during this time period ...

• France

• Spain

• Russia

• England