Basic Biological Concepts

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Cellular process

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Any process that is carried out at the cellular level.

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Cellular respiration

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The process where organisms convert glucose (chemical energy) and oxygen into ATP (chemical energy) and release carbon dioxide and water as waste.

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Cellular transport

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The movement of molecules across the cell membrane.

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Enzyme

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A protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a reaction without being changed by it.

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Homeostasis

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Regulation of an organism’s internal environment in order to maintain conditions suitable for survival.

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Law of conservation of energy

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Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change form.

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Law of conservation of mass

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Matter is not created or destroyed, only rearranged.

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Photosynthesis

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The process by which light energy is used to make sugars (chemical energy) and produce oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

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Metabolism

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The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms to convert food to energy, build cellular components, and eliminate waste.

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Diffusion

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The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.