Module 2.2 AP Psych Thinking, Problem-Solving...

Which of the following best describes the concept of "metacognition"?

• The ability to solve problems using algorithms.

• The awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

• The tendency to rely on immediate examples that come to mind.

• The use of mental shortcuts to make decisions.

How does the "availability heuristic" influence decision-making?

• By relying on the most recent information available.

• By using a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.

• By making decisions based on how easily examples come to mind.

• By considering all possible outcomes before making a decision.

Explain how "framing" can affect people's choices in a given situation.

• Framing can lead to overconfidence in decision-making.

• Framing can alter people's choices by presenting the same information in different ways.

• Framing can help individuals develop new problem-solving strategies.

• Framing can cause individuals to ignore relevant information.

What is the primary difference between "assimilation" and "accommodation" in cognitive development?

• Assimilation involves changing existing schemas, while accommodation involves using existing schemas.

• Assimilation involves using existing schemas, while accommodation involves changing existing schemas.

• Assimilation and accommodation both involve creating new schemas.

• Assimilation and accommodation both involve ignoring new information.

Describe a scenario where "functional fixedness" might hinder problem-solving.

• A person uses a paperclip to unlock a door.

• A person cannot see a paperclip as anything other than a tool for holding papers together.

• A person uses a paperclip to create a piece of art.

• A person uses a paperclip to conduct an experiment.

Which of the following is an example of "confirmation bias"?

• Seeking out information that contradicts one's beliefs.

• Ignoring evidence that supports one's beliefs.

• Focusing on information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs.

• Changing one's beliefs based on new evidence.

How can "divergent thinking" contribute to creativity?

• By focusing on a single solution to a problem.

• By generating multiple, unique solutions to a problem.

• By following a strict set of rules to solve a problem.

• By relying on past experiences to solve a problem.

What role does "intuition" play in decision-making?

• Intuition relies on logical reasoning and evidence.

• Intuition involves making decisions based on gut feelings without conscious reasoning.

• Intuition requires extensive analysis of all available data.

• Intuition is always more accurate than analytical thinking.

In what way can "nudge theory" be applied to encourage healthier eating habits?

• By banning unhealthy foods from stores.

• By placing healthier food options at eye level in stores.

• By providing detailed nutritional information on all food products.

• By offering financial incentives for purchasing healthy foods.

What is the "gambler’s fallacy" and how might it affect decision-making in gambling?

• The belief that past independent events affect the probability of future independent events.

• The belief that winning is guaranteed after a series of losses.

• The belief that skill can influence the outcome of a game of chance.

• The belief that gambling is always a losing endeavor.