Sources and Types of Law ss.7.CG.3.7

Which type of law is used to help solve disputes between people or organizations?

• constitutional law

• criminal law

• military law

• civil law

Answer explanation

D is Correct- Civil law concerns private relations between members of a community, such as who should pay for damaged property

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ss.7.CG.3.10

Which option refers to laws created by judicial decisions and precedent?

• civil law

• natural law

• common law

• constitutional law

Answer explanation

C is Correct- Common law is legal precedent based on customs and prior legal decisions; it is used in civil cases.

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ss.7.CG3.10

The Summary describes two U.S. Supreme Court decisions.

Which type of law is represented by the decisions described in this summary?

• case law

• miliary law

• criminal law

• administrative law

Answer explanation

A is Correct- Case law is law established by the outcome of former cases.

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ss.7.CG.3.10

The lists in the table identify actions that are subject to laws.

Which list identifies actions that appy only to constitutional law?

• category A

• category B

• category C

• category D

Answer explanation

D is correct- The actions listed in Category D are subject to constitutional law. Terms such as “treason” are identified in the U.S. Constitution.

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ss.7.CG.3.10

Which situation would most likely lead to a civil case?

• A person fails to stop at a red light.

• A person is caught breaking into a house.

• A person robs another person in a parking lot.

• A person trips and breaks a leg at a friend's house.

Answer explanation

D is Correct- The event presented is not a crime, although it is likely that someone would seek money for the medical issues and physical challenges associated with a broken leg. The broken leg may have resulted from something at the friend’s house, such as a broken stair, which was the homeowner’s fault.

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ss.7.CG.3.10

This graph illustrates juvenile arrest rates for motor vehicle theft.

Which type of law is illustrated in this graph?

• constitutional law

• criminal law

• military law

• civil law

Answer explanation

B is Correct- Persons who violate criminal law may be arrested. The graph shows a downward trend since the late 1980s in the number of juveniles arrested for motor vehicle theft.

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ss.7.CG.3.10

This excerpt is from the Declaration of Independence

Which source of law is represented by this excerpt?

• natural law

• military law

• criminal law

• constitutional law

Answer explanation

A is Correct- The Founders’ ideas of unalienable rights were rooted in the ideas of natural law put forth by John Locke. Rights such as “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” fall under natural law.

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ss.7.CG.3.10

This diagram compares types of laws in the United States.

Which option demonstrates how the two types of laws are similar?

• A prosecutor has the right to choose the court in which the case is heard.

• A plantiff has the burden of proof which they must rest their case.

• A defendant can iniate an appeal to review the decision of their case.

• A defendant can choose the jury of their peers to hear a case.

Answer explanation

C is Correct - In both civil and criminal cases, any party may appeal to a higher court to review errors claimed in the trial process or in the interpretation of law from within the initial court.

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ss.7.CG.3.10

This quotation summarizes the issue present in United States V. Nixon.

What source of law did the Supreme Court follow when ruling on this issue?

• natural law

• common law

• statutory law

• constitutional law

Answer explanation

Correct – Constitutional law focuses on interpreting a constitution. The Supreme Court used and followed the U.S. Constitution to address this question regarding executive privilege in United States v. Nixon

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ss.7.CG.3.10

How are historial law codes reflected in the United States today?

• The United States has a written set of laws that favor elected officials

• The United States has a written set of laws that all citizens must follow.

• Federal laws in the United States are directly based on historical codes of law.

• Courts in the United States generally rely on historical codes of law when making decision.

Answer explanation

B is Correct- Ancient law codes helped establish the idea of rule of law, the concept that laws are written out for everyone in a society to see and all members must follow

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ss.7.CG.3.10