Unit 2C Thinking and Intelligence

What is priming?

• The ability to recall information when prompted by specific stimuli

• The unconscious influence of prior experiences on perception or memory

• The process of encoding information for later retrieval

• The strategy of using mental shortcuts to solve problems

Accommodation, in the context of cognitive development, refers to:

• The process of altering existing schemas in response to new information

• The process of adding new information to an existing schema

• The inability to adapt schemas to new information

• The ability to retain information over time

A mental set refers to:

• A sudden realization of a solution to a problem

• The tendency to approach problems with a mindset that has worked in the past

• The process of organizing and interpreting information

• A strategy used for systematic problem-solving

Which of the following is most associated with an aptitude test?

• Measuring a person's current knowledge

• Assessing the potential for future learning or performance

• Evaluating memory and recall abilities

• Determining emotional intelligence

The representative heuristic involves:

• Judging the likelihood of an event based on its similarity to prototypes

• Estimating probabilities based on available information

• Overestimating the frequency of events based on vivid memories

• Making decisions based on cognitive biases

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is most closely associated with:

• A measure of a person's genetic inheritance

• The level of a person’s emotional intelligence

• A ratio of mental age to chronological age

• The degree to which a person is educated

A person with a fixed mindset believes:

• Abilities can be developed through effort and learning

• Intelligence is determined by effort, not ability

• Intelligence is a trait that can be increased with hard work

• Intelligence is a stable trait that cannot change

The sunk-cost fallacy occurs when people:

• Ignore additional costs once they have invested in a decision

• Make decisions based solely on future potential gains

• Refuse to change a decision even when it leads to losses

• Base their decisions on the most recent information

Which of the following is an example of an algorithm?

• Using trial and error to solve a problem

• Trying all possible combinations until a solution is found

• Relying on a quick mental shortcut to make decisions

• Solving a problem based on past experiences

Functional fixedness refers to:

• The inability to see an object being used in a new way

• The tendency to rely on the same problem-solving strategies

• A bias that affects decision-making

• The tendency to use heuristics when solving problems