Collins (2012)

How many postcolonial varieties does the study investigate?

• 6

• 7

• 8

• 9

Which of these is NOT a syntactic feature of there-existentials?

• In Standardized English, the verb agrees with the notional subject (the NP)

• They must take an "extension", e.g. a locative or temporal complement

• The NP is usually indefinite

• There switches position with the verb in interrogative clauses

Which of these is NOT an explanation for singular agreement in plural existential constructions?

• The principle of proximity

• Ease of articulation

• Prescriptivist rules enforcing SA

True or False? In the case of singular agreement, Collins believes that the level of "advancement" of a postcolonial variety positively correlates with its similarity to Inner Circle Englishes.

• True

• False

Which of these varieties is the least "advanced" according to Schneider's (2007) model of postcolonial Englishes?

• Hong Kong English

• Australian English

• Singapore English

• Indian English

True or False? Rates of singular agreement with plural NPs are higher among Outer Circle varieties than Inner Circle varieties.

• True

• False

Which of these is NOT a constraint favoring singular agreement?

• Bare existentials

• Present tense

• The absence of plural -s in the NP

• the presence of is and not 's

Which of these statements is false?

• SA in the past tense (was) is more frequent among IC varieties than OC varieties

• SEA varieties favor singular agreement more than non-SEA varieties

• Evolutionary status alone explains a variety's agreement pattern

• Singular agreement in existentials is a vernacular universal