Bahasa Inggris - XII

Renewable energy refers to energy that is derived from natural sources that are constantly replenished. Unlike fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, which are finite and contribute to environmental degradation, renewable energy sources are sustainable and have a lower environmental impact.

The most common types of renewable energy include solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass energy. Solar energy harnesses the power of the sun through solar panels, converting sunlight into electricity. Wind energy captures wind currents with turbines to generate power. Hydroelectric power relies on the movement of water, typically from rivers or dams, to produce electricity. Geothermal energy taps into heat from beneath the Earth's surface, while biomass energy comes from organic materials like plant and animal waste.

One of the primary benefits of renewable energy is its ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are a major contributor to climate change. By shifting from fossil fuels to renewable sources, societies can lower their carbon footprints and mitigate the impacts of global warming. Additionally, renewable energy can enhance energy security by diversifying the energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels.

Although renewable energy technologies are advancing, challenges remain, such as the initial costs of installation and the need for efficient energy storage solutions. However, as technology improves and policies support clean energy initiatives, renewable energy is becoming increasingly viable and crucial in the global effort to build a sustainable future.

What is one of the primary advantages of using renewable energy over fossil fuels?

• It is easier to store.

• It requires less land.

• It is cheaper to maintain.

• It generates more electricity than coal.

• It produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions.

Which renewable energy source relies on the movement of water to produce electricity?

• Biomass energy

• Geothermal energy

• Wind energy

• Hydroelectric power

• Solar energy

How does hydroelectric power generate electricity?

• By converting plant and animal waste into energy.

• By harnessing heat from deep underground.

• By utilizing the movement of water.

• By using sunlight to create heat.

• By capturing wind currents.

Which of the following is a challenge that renewable energy technologies still face?

• High pollution levels.

• The initial cost of installation.

• The excessive use of fossil fuels.

• The limited availability of sunlight.

• The difficulty in generating energy from biomass.

What is one of the main reasons people are switching to renewable energy?

• It provides more energy than fossil fuels.

• It helps reduce dependency on imported fuels.

• It is available 24 hours a day without interruption.

• It is easier to install than traditional energy sources.

• It produces more waste than non-renewable energy.

“Unlike fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, which are finite and contribute to environmental degradation”. Which word is closest in meaning to "finite" (paragraph 1)?

• Free

• Infinite

• Natural

• Limited

• Renewable

What does the pronoun "it" refer to in the sentence " its ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions " (paragraph 3)?

• Hydroelectric power

• Renewable energy

• Fossil fuel energy

• Biomass energy

• Climate change

Text 2 For number 8-14

The Tolo 1 Wind Power Plant (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu Tolo 1) in Jeneponto, Indonesia, is a significant renewable energy project located in the South Sulawesi province. It harnesses wind energy to generate electricity, contributing to Indonesia's efforts to diversify its energy sources and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels. This power plant has 20 wind turbines with a height of 133 meters and a blade length of 63 meters.

With a capacity of 72 MW, the Tolo 1 wind farm is among the largest in the region and plays a crucial role in the local power grid, providing clean energy to thousands of households. The turbines at Tolo 1 convert wind into electricity through aerodynamic blades that capture wind flow, driving generators that produce power. This project is part of Indonesia's larger goal to increase the share of renewable energy in its energy mix, aiming for sustainable development while reducing carbon emissions.

The Tolo 1 Wind Power Plant is also a symbol of innovation in Indonesia’s energy sector, supporting the government’s target of achieving 23% renewable energy in the national energy mix by 2025. Furthermore, it boosts the local economy by creating jobs and providing opportunities for technological development in the region.

What is the primary function of the Tolo 1 Wind Power Plant?

• To generate electricity using wind energy

• To supply electricity to other countries

• To promote tourism in South Sulawesi

• To store wind energy for future use

How does the Tolo 1 Wind Power Plant contribute to Indonesia’s national goals?

• By reducing the price of fossil fuels

• By providing more coal-based energy

• By replacing all fossil fuel power plants in Indonesia

• By exporting wind energy to neighboring countries

• By helping increase the share of renewable energy in Indonesia’s energy mix

Based on the information in the text, what can we infer about Indonesia’s energy policies?

• Indonesia is focusing more on renewable energy to achieve environmental goals

• Indonesia is planning to phase out all traditional energy sources Indonesia

• only interested in exporting renewable energy

• Indonesia is prioritizing coal over renewable energy

• Indonesia is mainly focusing on nuclear energy