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Why did the Anti-Federalists oppose ratification of the Constitution?

• They feared income taxes would be too high.

• The new government might threaten individual rights.

• The nation needed a monarch to provide greater stability.

• The new government would not be strong enough to overcome its challenges.

Why did the Federalists urge ratification of the Constitution?

• They wanted to strengthen state governments.

• They wanted to increase the army in order to seize Canada.

• They feared that individual liberties would be threatened if the national government were too strong.

• They wanted a stronger government to oppose threats from foreign powers and protect against domestic unrest.

Why did the Federalists believe individual liberties would not be threatened by the new Constitution?

• State governments would protect individual liberties.

• Elected officials could be trusted to protect individual liberties.

• The federal government was given only limited powers by the Constitution.

• The federal government would use its powers to protect, not threaten, individual liberties.

Based on this passage, why did Hamilton believe the Constitution should be ratified?

• The United States needed a large army to expand into nearby territories.

• The existing government of the United States was too weak to defend the country.

• The United States government needed a treasury to buy additional territory from its neighbors.

• The United States needed a stronger government to promote the interests of wealthy Americans.

Why did the Anti-Federalists urge the addition of a bill of rights to the Constitution?

• to abolish slavery

• to protect individual liberties

• to lower the costs of government

• to check the power of state governments

Which argument supported the Federalist view that adoption of the Constitution would not threaten individual liberties?

• Government power was to be separated into three branches and divided between the national and state governments.

• State governments would continue to hold the most power and would safeguard individual freedom.

• The federal government would use its new powers to protect, not threaten, individual rights.

• Elected government officials would never take steps against individual rights.

Why did the Federalists believe the national government would not grow too strong if the Constitution were adopted?

• The people could only act through their representatives.

• The Supreme Court had the power to limit government actions.

• Elected government officials could be trusted to protect individual rights.

• A system of checks and balances would prevent the government from becoming tyrannical.

Based on this passage, with which statement would George Clinton have agreed?

• The Constitution should be approved because it would unite the country.

• The best form of government was a republican one with elected representatives.

• The United States had too many separate interests to form a single uniform republic.

• The Constitution would give too much power to the state governments for the republic to last.

The arguments below were used in the debate over ratification of the Constitution. 1) A strong central government will give government officials the power to raise a large army. 2) This army can then be used to force citizens to pay excessive taxes. 3) Corrupt government officials might then use this tax money to build an even larger army. 4) Individual liberties will then be threatened. Which group of Americans made these arguments?

• Tories

• Patriots

• Federalists

• Anti-Federalists

Which conclusion can be reached from Madison’s reasoning?

• The public should not criticize elected government officials.

• A representative government is superior to a direct democracy.

• The common people should not be given any voice in running the government.

• State governments make wiser government decisions than the national government.