Interdependence: Concept 2 Review & Vocab

A species of clownfish lives among sea anemones. The clownfish protects the sea anemone from anemone-eating fish, while the anemone uses stinging tentacles to protect the clownfish from its predators. What is this relationship an example of?

• parasitism

• mutualism

• commensalism

• predation

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Which of the following statements describes a population depending on an abiotic factor?

• A bean plant does not grow well because it is near a lot of weeds that consume all of the nutrients in the soil.

• Coral reef organisms carry out photosynthesis using the sunlight that passes through the clear water above.

• Squirrels eat eggs from a bird's nest and gather nuts and seeds in the summer to store away for the winter.

• Hawks are known to eat mice but will also consume other small animals, rodents, and even other birds.

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A robin makes a nest in a tree to protect its young from predators, such as foxes, that live on the ground. What type of symbiotic relationship is this and why?

• mutualism because the robin and the tree both benefit

• commensalism because the robin and the tree both benefit

• mutualism because the robin benefits while the tree experiences neither benefit nor harm

• commensalism because the robin benefits while the tree experiences neither benefit nor harm

Both lions and cheetahs are carnivores that live in the African grasslands. These predators hunt the same prey. What type of relationship exists between lions and cheetahs, and why?

• a predatory relationship because they both eat the same prey

• a parasitic relationship because the lions will harm the cheetahs

• a mutualistic relationship because both animals live in the same habitat

• a competitive relationship because they compete for the same food source

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Which relationship is an example of a predatory relationship?

• A lion hunts and eats a zebra.

• Mistletoe uses a tree’s nutrients.

• Aphids chew holes in the leaves of a rose bush.

• A cuckoo bird lays its eggs in the nest of a warbler.

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Between 1800 and 2020, the population of humans in Asia increased from under 1 billion to over 4 billion people. The map shows former and current tiger habitats in Asia. Which abiotic factor are the tigers and humans competing for?

• food

• water

• space

• shelter

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A wildlife biologist for Serengeti National Park is monitoring the migrating animals. Zebras, wildebeest, and elephants travel long distances, following the seasonal rains to find food and water. The scientist wants to study how different populations in this ecosystem compete for abiotic factors. Which investigation should they choose?

• Catalog the types of plants each animal eats and note any fights that occur over a food source.

• Make observations of each animal and tally every time a fight breaks out over the drinking water.

• Tag and track the migrating animals and map out all of the drinking locations.

• Tally every time predators attempt to attack the animals at the watering hole.

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Darren is on a safari in Africa. His group is watching a herd of impalas. Suddenly, a cheetah appears and sprints after one of the impalas. As the herd runs to escape, a leopard that was hiding in the grasses also jumps out, grabs an impala, and drags it up into a tree. Which statement explains how the leopard and cheetah are competing for biotic factors in this scenario?

• They are trying to be faster and stronger than one another.

• They are climbing the trees to escape and eat their prey.

• They hide in the grasses to camouflage themselves.

• They hunt the same prey species for a food source.

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A wildlife biologist was tracking the wildebeest migration across the Serengeti plains in Africa. The wildebeest graze on grass. Their grazing and trampling promote growth of the grass, and as they move, they fertilize the grass with their waste. Their circular migration path follows the seasonal rains; the grass barely grows during the dry season otherwise. Which statement explains how a population depends on a biotic factor in this ecosystem?

• The grasses depend on the seasonal rains to grow.

• The grasses depend on the sunny dry season to grow.

• The wildebeest population depends on the grasses to eat.

• The wildebeest population depends on the seasonal rains to drink.

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In the ocean ecosystem, small crustaceans called krill are a major food source for whales and other large animals. Krill eat algae and phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are like plants because they make their own food from the sun. Other organisms also eat algae and phytoplankton. Which statement explains how a population depends on an abiotic factor in this ecosystem?

• Krill depend on algae as a reliable food source.

• Many organisms depend on phytoplankton for food.

• Phytoplankton use the sun to make their own food.

• Whales depend on krill as a food source.

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