Unit 5 Review 2024-2025

Students are completing an investigation on types of energy transformation. Students stand in the sunlight on a bright sunny day.  What type of energy source would the students be most likely to observe and feel?

• Electrical Energy

• Chemical Energy

• Thermal Energy

• Wind Energy

• Hydro energy

Mr. Palmer's science class is completing an investigation on types of heat transfer.  For one part of the investigation, students place their hand on a cool window to feel the difference in thermal energy.  When they are touching the glass, what type of heat transfer are they experiencing?

• Insulation
• Conduction
• Evaporation
• Radiation
• Convection

Within the structure of the Earth, thermal energy moves from one layer to another. The inner core is extremely hot and solid, the mantle is fluid-like and the crust is solid. What would be a logical explanation of how energy is transferred from one layer to the next within the Earth?

• The Earth’s heat energy begins in the mantle. As the molecules heat up, they move in a circular motion causing warmer molecules to rise towards the crust which heats the crust; this is called conduction. When the molecules in the mantle begin to cool, they sink and come in contact with the core’s molecules; this is called conduction.

• When the sun heats the Earth’s surface, energy moves downward towards the core through the process of radiation. The molecules of the crust begin to touch the mantle’s molecules by conduction. The molecules within the mantle move by convection towards the core and conduction takes place one more time which heats the core.

• Since the core is a solid material, heat is transferred by conduction to the mantle. Within the thick liquid, molecules move by convection transferring heat outward from the lower layer. When the molecules in the mantle touch the molecules of the crust, this is called conduction.

• The sun heats the material found in the core which is radiational heating. Then energy in the core is transferred to the mantle by convection. When the molecules in the mantle touch the crustal molecules, energy is transferred by the method of conduction.

Energy is transferred from one source. When heating a substance in a pan, the handle on the pan can get hot due to the transfer of energy.

Which answer choice correctly describes the transfer of energy moving from point A to point C?

• The process begins as conduction shown at point A. Heat molecules transform by convection to heat the matter in the pan at point B. Energy is transformed into radiation at point C which causes the handle of the pot to get hot.

• Point A is showing the convection of heat as energy moves to point B. Conduction takes place moving from point B to point C. The handle of the pan becomes warm due to the heat radiating from the pan.

• The type of thermal energy at point A is radiation. As heat moves to point B, it transforms to conduction. The process continues as energy is transformed to convection which causes the handle of the pan to warm at point C.

• The process begins as radiation at point A. Energy transfers via convection as the substance begins to heat at point B. The molecules of the substance transfer heat to the pot and handle through conduction.

Which statement represents the best example of how the Sun’s energy controls the temperatures on Earth?

• Conduction is when the Sun emits different forms of wave patterns from radio waves to gamma rays, but only a small part controls the temperatures on Earth.

• The Sun’s radiant energy heats the molecules in the air and that energy is absorbed by the Earth’s surface which increases the temperatures.

• Radiation from the Sun is absorbed by the molecules of the Earth’s surface which warms the molecules of the air above it.

• Energy from the Sun travels through empty space in the form of conduction which radiates heat as it hits the surface.

On Earth, the Sun is a major source of energy which not only produces light but also helps warm the surface of the Earth. Which answer is the best choice for explaining the type of energy mentioned in the statement?

• Conduction is the form of energy emitted from the Sun which warms the Earth’s surface; the surface then warms the atmosphere.

• The Sun’s radiation warms the Earth’s surface; thereby, the molecules of the surface then warm the molecules in the atmosphere through conduction.

• The Earth’s temperature rises throughout the day due to the Sun’s radiation which causes the molecules in the air to warm the molecules of the surface.

• All of the answer choices are good examples for defining the type of energy that keeps the surface warm.

When observing the two diagrams, what is a concept shared by both?

• Both diagrams are a product of the plate tectonics.

• Oceans always move towards the shore of continents.

• As ocean water evaporates, it causes the cooling of land surfaces.

• Convection currents are the driving force behind the movement of gases and liquids.

A teacher is demonstrating the transfer of energy using a pot of water that is placed on a burner.

Which answer choice correctly describes the transfer of energy from the burner flame?

• The flame transfers energy via conduction because it touches the bottom of the pot.

• The transfer of energy is from the pot to the flame via radiation.

• Transfer of energy is from the cooler water to the warm water.

• Energy is transferred from the flame to the bottom of the pot via radiation.

A teacher places a pot of water on a burner.  Heat is applied to the bottom of the pot.  Students are asked to make a prediction about the thermal energy within the pot of water.  Which of the following student predictions is correct?

• The thermal energy moves from cold to warm until the water is all cooled.

• The thermal energy moves from the pot of water to the burner.

• Thermal energy moves form warmer to cooler until all of the water is the same temperature.

• Thermal energy moves directly to the handle of the pot through radiation.

A teacher is demonstrating the transfer of energy using a pot of water that is placed on a burner.

Which answer choice correctly describes the transfer of energy at point B?

• Point B does not receive any transferred energy.

• Energy is transformed from radiant energy to conduction at point B.

• Energy transfers via radiation as a substance begins to heat at point B.

• Energy transfers via convection as the substance begins to heat at point B.