Understanding Bias in Research

What is a bias in the context of psychological research?

• A statistical error in data analysis.

• A factor that distorts the results of a study due to lack of control.

• A methodological tool to ensure study accuracy.

• A deliberate manipulation of research results.

Which type of bias results from selecting participants who are not representative of the target group?

• Researcher bias

• Participant bias

• Sampling bias

• Confirmation bias

What is participant bias?

• When participants consciously or unconsciously act according to what they think the researcher expects.

• When participants are not randomly assigned.

• When researchers influence participant behavior through non-verbal cues.

• When participants refuse to follow research protocols.

Which of the following can reduce researcher bias?

• Asking participants to self-report results.

• Using a double-blind procedure.

• Avoiding random assignment in sampling.

• Building rapport with participants.

What is the main solution for sampling bias?

• Reflexivity

• Probability sampling

• Group interviews

• Neutral question phrasing

Which bias results from participants responding positively to all questions?

• Social desirability bias

• Confirmation bias

• Acquiescence bias

• Sensitivity bias

How can researchers minimize acquiescence bias?

• Use neutral and open-ended questions.

• Build rapport with participants.

• Avoid sensitive topics.

• Use leading questions.

What is social desirability bias?

• Responding dishonestly due to lack of rapport.

• Giving answers participants think will make them look good.

• Misunderstanding the researcher’s expectations.

• Being overly agreeable during the study.

What is a solution for social desirability bias?

• Using probability sampling.

• Building rapport and phrasing questions non-judgmentally.

• Ensuring a double-blind setup.

• Asking closed-ended questions.

Which type of bias occurs when researchers prioritize findings that confirm their hypotheses?

• Sensitivity bias

• Leading questions bias

• Confirmation bias

• Question order bias