Thermal Energy

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What is thermal energy?

Back

Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It is related to temperature and the state of matter.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Front

What happens to the molecules in a gas?

Back

Molecules in a gas are far apart and move freely, allowing them to fill the entire volume of their container.

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What happens to water when it freezes?

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When water freezes, its molecules slow down and arrange themselves into a solid structure, forming ice.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Front

What is energy transfer?

Back

Energy transfer is the movement of energy from one object or system to another, often in the form of heat.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Front

How does increasing thermal energy affect kinetic energy?

Back

Increasing thermal energy results in an increase in the kinetic energy of the molecules, causing them to move faster.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Front

What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy?

Back

Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles, while thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance.

Front

What happens to a liquid when it is heated?

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When a liquid is heated, its molecules gain energy, move faster, and may eventually change into a gas.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Front

What is the state of matter where molecules are closely packed but can slide past each other?

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The state of matter is a liquid, where molecules are close together but can move around.

Front

What is conduction?

Back

Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Front

What is convection?

Back

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) caused by differences in temperature.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6