Security 2.2

What issue is addressed by Certificate Transparency (CT)

• Preventing unauthorized certificate issuance

• Ensuring backward compatibility of certificates

• Protecting against man-in-the-middle attacks

• Automating certificate renewal

What critical role does the "chain of trust" in PKI serve?

• Ensuring certificate expiration

• Verifying the ownership of private keys

• Establishing transitive trust from Root CAs to end-entity certificates

• Providing encryption algorithm

Which of the following is a defensive measure against rogue CAs

• Use of wildcard certificates

• Certificate pinning

• Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)

• Domain validation certificates

What is the key advantage of threads over processes?

• Threads enforce stronger memory isolation.

• Each thread has its own virtual memory.

• Threads share resources and are lightweight to create.

• Threads run directly on the kernel.

What differentiates the stack from the heap in process memory?

• Stack is for dynamically allocated memory, while the heap is for local variables.

• Stack is used for function calls, while the heap is for dynamic memory allocation.

• Stack contains shared data, while the heap is private to the process.

• Stack grows downwards, while the heap grows upwards.

What is the main goal of NOP (No Operation) instructions in assembly

• To halt the processor for debugging

• To optimize pipeline execution

• To align code or introduce delays

• To perform conditional jumps

What is the difference between test and cmp instructions

• test performs subtraction; cmp performs bitwise AND

• cmp is slower than test.

• test performs bitwise AND; cmp performs subtraction.

• test affects flags; cmp does not.

What happens to the rsp register during a push instruction

• It increases by 4 bytes

• It decreases by 4 bytes

• It decreases by the size of the operand

• It increases by the size of the operand

What is the role of the rbx register in x86-64 calling conventions?

• Temporary variable storage

• Non-volatile (callee-saved) register

• Base pointer for function arguments

• Return value storage

Which register is typically used to hold the return address in x86-64 architecture?

• rax

• rip

• rbx

• rsp