Pre-Test SGD

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Which of the following is a type of normal hemoglobin found in adults?

• HbA1

• HbA

• HbF

• HbS

Hemoglobin A (HbA) differs from Hemoglobin F (HbF) in the type of globin chain. Which chains does HbF contain?

• Alpha and Beta chains

• Alpha and Gamma chains

• Alpha and Delta chains

• Gamma and Beta chains

At what age do levels of HbF typically decrease to low levels in humans?

• 2 months after birth

• 1 year after birth

• 6 months after birth

• 3 months after birth

What is the main cause of methemoglobinemia?

• Carbon monoxide exposure

• Excessive 2,3-BPG levels

• Alteration of the iron in the heme group to the ferric state

• Mutations in the globin gene

Which of the following is a clinical implication of carboxyhemoglobin?

• Increased oxygen delivery to tissues

• Decreased oxygen binding affinity

• Increased oxygen binding to hemoglobin, reducing oxygen delivery

• No impact on oxygen transport

Which of the following is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?

• Myoglobin

• Hemoglobin

• Bicarbonate

• Albumin

What is the main difference between myoglobin and hemoglobin in oxygen transport?

• Myoglobin binds oxygen more weakly than hemoglobin

• Hemoglobin is found in muscle cells, while myoglobin is found in red blood cells

• Hemoglobin has a cooperative binding effect, whereas myoglobin does not

• Both bind oxygen equally well

A rightward shift in the oxygen dissociation curve is associated with which of the following?

• Increased affinity for oxygen

• Decreased affinity for oxygen

• Decreased CO2 levels

• Higher pH levels

Which factor would cause a leftward shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?

• Increased pH (alkalosis)

• Increased CO2 levels

• Increased temperature

• Increased 2,3-BPG levels