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Which best describes heat transfer by radiation?

• A slice of bacon frying in a pan.

• A pot on a stove boiling water.

• Cooking a hotdog in a microwave.

• A hot air balloon.

Answer explanation

Cooking a hotdog in a microwave best describes heat transfer by radiation, as microwaves use electromagnetic waves to heat food. The other options involve conduction or convection, not radiation.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

Which of the following best describes CONVECTION?

• When heat is transferred through waves.

• When heat is transferred through objects that are touching.

• The movement of gas or liquid in which warmer parts move up and the colder parts moves down.

Answer explanation

Convection is the process where warmer parts of a gas or liquid rise while cooler parts sink, creating a circulation pattern. This distinguishes it from heat transfer through waves or direct contact.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What kind of heat transfer is occurring when the sun warms the sand?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• All of them

Answer explanation

The sun warms the sand primarily through radiation, which is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not require a medium to transfer heat.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Warm air rises and the cool air sinks demonstrates this type of heat transfer.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

Answer explanation

Warm air rises and cool air sinks due to differences in temperature and density, which is a characteristic of convection. This process involves the movement of fluid (air) and is distinct from conduction and radiation.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Heat transfers from an area of ________ temperature to an area of _______ temperature.

• high to low

• low to high

• high to high

• low to low

Answer explanation

Heat transfers from an area of high temperature to an area of low temperature due to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that energy naturally flows from hot to cold until thermal equilibrium is reached.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Walking on a warm sand with your bare feet shows this type of heat transfer.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Answer explanation

Walking on warm sand involves conduction, as heat transfers directly from the sand to your feet through direct contact. Convection and radiation do not apply in this scenario.

Ironing a shirt is an example of:

• condensation

• evaporation

• conduction

• convection

Answer explanation

Ironing a shirt involves applying heat directly from the iron to the fabric, which transfers thermal energy through conduction. This process helps remove wrinkles by altering the fabric's structure.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

You and your friends gathered around a campfire to keep warm. How heat is being transferred?

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Answer explanation

Heat from the campfire is transferred to you and your friends primarily through radiation. This process involves the emission of infrared radiation from the fire, which travels through the air and warms you without direct contact.

This is the transfer of thermal energy through "space".

• conduction

• radiation

• convection

• spaceship

Answer explanation

The transfer of thermal energy through "space" occurs via radiation, which does not require a medium, unlike conduction (through solids) and convection (through fluids). Therefore, radiation is the correct answer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-1

Which is NOT an insulator.

• Wool

• Plastic

• iron

• Glass

Answer explanation

Iron is a conductor of electricity and heat, making it NOT an insulator. In contrast, wool, plastic, and glass are all materials that resist the flow of electricity and heat, classifying them as insulators.