Stats Ch 4 Sampling and Experiment Design

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What is a Matched Pairs design in experiments?

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A design where participants are grouped into pairs based on certain characteristics (e.g., age, gender) and then randomly assigned to different treatments within each pair.

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What is Convenience Sampling?

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A sampling method where participants are selected based on their easy availability and proximity to the researcher, rather than random selection.

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What is Stratified Sampling?

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A sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples are taken from each stratum to ensure representation.

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What is a Placebo in experimental design?

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A sham treatment that appears real to subjects but has no therapeutic effect, used to control for the psychological impact of receiving treatment.

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What is an Explanatory Variable?

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The factor being studied in an experiment that is believed to cause or predict changes in the outcome (response variable).

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What is a Response Variable?

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The outcome or effect that is measured in an experiment to see how it is influenced by the explanatory variable.

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What is a Lurking Variable?

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A variable that is not included in the study but may influence the relationship between the explanatory and response variables.

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What is Randomized Blocking?

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A design where participants are divided into blocks based on a certain characteristic, and then random assignment is made within each block.

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What is a Completely Randomized Design?

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An experimental design where all participants are randomly assigned to treatments without any grouping or blocking.

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What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments?

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To eliminate bias and ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any treatment, which helps establish causality.