Hypothesis Testing Test Review

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What is a null hypothesis (H0)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

Back

The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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What does it mean to 'reject the null hypothesis'?

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To reject the null hypothesis means that the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis is not true, and there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

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What does it mean to 'fail to reject the null hypothesis'?

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Failing to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis, and the null hypothesis remains a plausible explanation.

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What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing?

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A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true, but is incorrectly rejected. This is also known as a false positive.

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What is a Type II error in hypothesis testing?

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A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false, but is incorrectly failed to be rejected. This is also known as a false negative.

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What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

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The significance level (α) is the threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01.

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What is a p-value in hypothesis testing?

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The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean if the p-value is less than α?

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If the p-value is less than α, it indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to its rejection.

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What is a one-tailed test?

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A one-tailed test is a hypothesis test that evaluates the direction of the effect, testing for the possibility of the relationship in one direction only.