NSCI 222 Exam 3 Review

Margo has a lesion in her dorsal posterior insula. Of the following listed options, which is Margo LEAST likely to exhibit as a consequence?

• Inability to feel anger

• Uniform responses to punishers of varying intensities

• Increased sensation of hunger

• Decreased expression of disgust

From the options below, select the ones that create the most effective conditions for punishment to be delivered effectively:

• No delay between behavior and punisher, high-intensity punisher, punishment delivered on a VR schedule

• Realistic delay between behavior and punisher, low-intensity punisher, punishment delivered on an FR5 schedule

• No delay between behavior and punisher, high-intensity punisher, punishment delivered on an FR1 schedule

• No delay between behavior and punisher, moderate punisher, punishment delivered on a VI schedule

Sarah’s parents tell her that if she continues to yell at the dog, she will lose her phone privilege. As a result, she yells at the dog less. This demonstrates:

• Negative punishment

• Positive punishment

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive reinforcement

What happens when an S △ is present?

• It leads to the generalization of behavior to new situations

• Inhibits behavior

• Encourages behavior

• Two of the above

A teacher notices that a student often stands up during lessons, which disrupts the class. The teacher decides to reinforce the student by a token when the student remains seated. Which differential reinforcement schedule does this represent?

• DRI

• DRO

• DRA

• DRL

Which of the following structures is implicated in the “depression effect” that occurs when previously reinforced behaviors begin receiving lower/less frequency reinforcement?

• Hippocampus

• Insula

• Dorsal striatum

• Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC)

All of the following are examples of antecedent control procedures to decrease the desired behavior except:

• Present AOs

• Increase response effort

• Arrange EOs

• Remove S D

BF Skinner was known for his dislike of the use of punishment for behavior change. Which of the following is an example of a problem with punishment?

• Suppression of all behaviors (not just the target behavior) occurs, especially if there is no reinforcement occurring

• Frequent punishment does not lead to emotional responses and is therefore unlikely to be useful in behavior change

• An environment/person who frequently delivers punishment can become a conditioned punisher, and the subject will work to escape from the environment or individual (e.g., becoming sneakier so they won’t get caught)

• A&C

• All of the above

Studies of concept learning imply that many species are capable of forming true perceptual concepts.

• True

• False

Which of the following is a critique of the Two-Process Theory of Punishment and its relationship with escape behavior?

• Decreased behavior (i.e., punishment effect) is a side effect of underlying classical conditioning

• The CR should decrease after periods away from the CS, but this is not what is witnessed (the punishment effect is long-standing)

• The CR does decrease after periods away from the CS, suggesting the organism forgets about its experience with the US from earlier trials

• None of the above