TRANSLATION

1. What is the main purpose of translation in protein synthesis?

• A. Copying DNA into mRNA

• B. Synthesizing proteins by decoding mRNA

• C. Transporting tRNA to the nucleus

• D. Replicating DNA strands

2. Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

• A. Nucleus

• B. Cytoplasm

• C. Golgi apparatus

• D. Lysosome

3. What is the start codon for translation?

• A. UGA

• B. AUG

• C. UAG

• D. UAA

4. During initiation, what is the role of the small ribosomal subunit?

• A. Binds to the stop codon

• B. Catalyzes peptide bond formation

• C. Attaches to the mRNA near the start codon

• D. Brings amino acids to the ribosome

5. What is the P site of the ribosome responsible for?

• A. Holding the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain

• B. Binding the tRNA with a new amino acid

• C. Exiting uncharged tRNA molecules

• D. Recognizing stop codons

6. Which enzyme activity catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds during elongation?

• A. DNA polymerase

• B. RNA polymerase

• C. Peptidyl transferase

• D. Helicase

7. What happens during translocation in the elongation phase?

• A. tRNA enters the E site

• B. The ribosome shifts by one codon on the mRNA

• C. The polypeptide chain is released into the cytoplasm

• D. The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex

8. How is translation terminated?

• A. A release factor binds to the start codon

• B. A stop codon is recognized by a release factor

• C. The tRNA leaves the ribosome

• D. The ribosome disassembles after folding the protein

9. What is the role of tRNA in translation?

• A. Provides the codon sequence for protein synthesis

• B. Synthesizes the polypeptide chain

• C. Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome

• D. Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

10. What is the final outcome of translation?

• A. A folded, functional protein ready to perform its role

• B. A complete mRNA strand for further translation

• C. The disassembly of DNA polymerase

• D. A new strand of RNA complementary to DNA