Age of Enlightenment Intro Flashcard

Front

Which philosopher believed that human nature is selfish and would lead to a "nasty, brutish, and short" life without a strong ruler?

Back

Thomas Hobbes

Front

According to John Locke, what is the condition of human nature at birth?

Back

Born as a blank slate (tabula rasa)

Front

Which philosopher is known for compiling the Encyclopedia, an effort to collect and share human knowledge?

Back

Denis Diderot

Front

What idea is Baron Montesquieu best known for? Options: Social Contract, Popular sovereignty, Separation of powers, Religious tolerance

Back

Separation of powers

Front

Which philosopher argued that freedom of expression and religious tolerance are essential for a just society?

Back

Voltaire

Front

Cesare Beccaria is most associated with reforming which aspect of society? Education, Criminal justice, Monarchy, Economics

Back

Criminal justice

Front

What concept did Jean-Jacques Rousseau introduce that emphasizes government deriving its authority from the people?

Back

Popular sovereignty

Front

Which philosopher wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman," advocating for gender equality through education?

Back

Mary Wollstonecraft

Front

Thomas Hobbes believed in a "social contract" where people give up certain freedoms in exchange for what?

Back

Security and order

Front

Which philosopher introduced the idea that self-interest can lead to societal benefit through the concept of the "invisible hand"?

Back

Adam Smith