Horse Evolution READING

Which analysis placed Ghazijhippus at the base of the equid tree?

• Froehlich 2002

• Bai et al. 2018

• Wood et al. 2011

• Matthew 1926

What type of limb motion did Orophippus have?

• Restricted

• Free

• Rotational

• Lateral

What is the purpose of using beam bending in biomechanical studies?

• To measure the length of bones

• To calculate stresses on structural beams

• To determine the color of bones

• To identify the age of fossils

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

What does the document suggest about the transition from subunguligrade to fully unguligrade in horses?

• It was driven by size increase alone

• It was driven by habitat changes

• It was driven by diet changes

• It was driven by color changes

What is the purpose of using strain gauge data in the study of metapodials?

• To measure the color of bones

• To estimate locomotor stresses

• To determine the age of bones

• To identify the diet of species

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

What does the phylogenetic tree in Fig. 5 represent?

• The evolution of horse size.

• The evolution of horse color.

• The evolution of a single toe in horses.

• The evolution of horse diet.

What hypothesis does the text support regarding a single large digit?

• It is a response to increasing body sizes and increased loads.

• It is a response to decreasing body sizes and decreased loads.

• It is a response to changing diets.

• It is a response to environmental changes.

What is the main focus of macroevolutionary work discussed in the text?

• Color adaptation

• Digit reduction

• Wing development

• Beak size

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

What period is associated with the grazing radiation of horses in North America?

• Jurassic

• Miocene

• Triassic

• Cretaceous

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What is the approximate time span of horse evolution mentioned in the text?

• 10 million years

• 58 million years

• 100 million years

• 5 million years