Quiz about Biology A Module 3

Question 1

What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To provide energy for cellular processes

Answer

To transport nutrients

Answer

To catalyze chemical reactions

Question 2

Which of the following correctly differentiates between a chromosome and a chromatid?

Accepted Answer

A chromatid is a single DNA molecule, while a chromosome consists of two chromatids.

Answer

A chromosome is a single DNA molecule, while a chromatid is a pair of DNA molecules.

Answer

A chromosome is found only in prokaryotic cells, while a chromatid is found in eukaryotic cells.

Answer

A chromatid is a protein structure, while a chromosome is a lipid structure.

Question 3

Given the DNA strand 5'-ATCGGTA-3', what is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGCCAT-5'

Answer

5'-TAGCCAT-3'

Answer

5'-UAGCCAU-3'

Answer

3'-UAGCCAU-5'

Question 4

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Answer

RNA $$\rightarrow$$ DNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Answer

Protein $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ DNA

Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein $$\rightarrow$$ RNA

Question 5

During transcription, what is the product formed from the DNA template?

Accepted Answer

A complementary RNA strand

Answer

A complementary DNA strand

Answer

A protein

Answer

A lipid

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from an RNA template

Answer

Conversion of DNA into RNA

Answer

Conversion of RNA into DNA

Answer

Replication of DNA

Question 7

Which stage of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for the replication of DNA?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Answer

G1 phase

Answer

G2 phase

Answer

M phase

Question 8

How does mitosis contribute to the growth and maintenance of the body?

Accepted Answer

By producing identical cells for tissue growth and repair

Answer

By producing energy for cellular activities

Answer

By creating genetic diversity

Answer

By eliminating damaged cells

Question 9

What is a key difference between normal cellular division and cancerous cellular division?

Accepted Answer

Cancerous cells divide uncontrollably, while normal cells divide in a controlled manner.

Answer

Normal cells divide uncontrollably, while cancerous cells divide in a controlled manner.

Answer

Normal cells do not undergo mitosis, while cancerous cells do.

Answer

Cancerous cells do not undergo mitosis, while normal cells do.

Question 10

How do viruses differ from cells in terms of structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Cells can reproduce independently, while viruses require a host cell to replicate.

Answer

Viruses have a nucleus, while cells do not.

Answer

Viruses can perform photosynthesis, while cells cannot.

Answer

Cells lack genetic material, while viruses contain DNA or RNA.

Question 11

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

To translate mRNA into proteins

Answer

To synthesize lipids

Answer

To degrade RNA

Answer

To replicate DNA

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 13

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

To carry amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

To transcribe DNA into RNA

Answer

To replicate DNA

Answer

To splice RNA

Question 14

What is a primary difference in the treatment approach for bacterial infections compared to viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, while viral infections are treated with antivirals.

Answer

Viral infections are treated with antibiotics, while bacterial infections are treated with antivirals.

Answer

Bacterial infections require vaccines, while viral infections do not.

Answer

Viral infections can be treated with antifungals, while bacterial infections cannot.

Question 15

Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Viruses do not have cell walls that antibiotics target.

Answer

Viruses have cell walls that antibiotics cannot penetrate.

Answer

Antibiotics are too strong for viruses.

Answer

Viruses are resistant to all forms of medication.

Question 16

Which of the following is a common method to prevent viral infections but not bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Answer

Antifungal treatment

Answer

Probiotic supplements

Question 17

Who is credited with the development of the germ theory of disease?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Answer

Albert Einstein

Answer

Isaac Newton

Answer

Charles Darwin

Question 18

How did the germ theory of disease change medical practices in the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

It led to the development of vaccines and antiseptics.

Answer

It resulted in the abandonment of surgery.

Answer

It promoted the use of astrology in medicine.

Answer

It encouraged the use of herbal remedies exclusively.

Question 19

What was a major scientific method used to support the germ theory?

Accepted Answer

Microscopic observation of microorganisms

Answer

Phrenology studies

Answer

Alchemy experiments

Answer

Astrological predictions

Question 20

What is a fundamental difference between the genetic material of viruses and cells?

Accepted Answer

Viruses can have either DNA or RNA, while cells have both DNA and RNA.

Answer

Cells lack genetic material, while viruses have abundant genetic material.

Answer

Cells have circular DNA, while viruses have linear DNA.

Answer

Viruses contain only DNA, while cells contain only RNA.

Question 21

How do viruses and cells differ in their method of reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Cells reproduce independently through mitosis or meiosis, while viruses require a host cell to replicate.

Answer

Viruses reproduce through binary fission, while cells require a host to replicate.

Answer

Cells reproduce by budding, while viruses reproduce through mitosis.

Answer

Viruses reproduce by budding, while cells reproduce by binary fission.

Question 22

Which of the following best describes the metabolic capabilities of viruses compared to cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells have complex metabolic pathways, while viruses lack metabolic machinery.

Answer

Both viruses and cells have similar metabolic capabilities.

Answer

Viruses can perform photosynthesis, while cells cannot.

Answer

Viruses have extensive metabolic pathways, while cells have none.

Question 23

What is a key characteristic of cancerous cellular division compared to normal cellular division?

Accepted Answer

Cancerous cells divide uncontrollably, while normal cells have regulated division.

Answer

Cancerous cells have fewer chromosomes than normal cells.

Answer

Cancerous cells have a longer cell cycle than normal cells.

Answer

Normal cells do not undergo mitosis, while cancerous cells do.

Question 24

Which of the following is a common feature of normal cellular division?

Accepted Answer

Normal cells divide only when necessary for growth and repair.

Answer

Normal cells divide continuously without regulation.

Answer

Normal cells have multiple nuclei.

Answer

Normal cells do not undergo apoptosis.

Question 25

How does the cell cycle control differ between normal and cancerous cells?

Accepted Answer

Normal cells have checkpoints that regulate the cell cycle, while cancerous cells often bypass these checkpoints.

Answer

Normal cells lack any form of cell cycle control.

Answer

Cancerous cells have a slower cell cycle than normal cells.

Answer

Cancerous cells have more checkpoints than normal cells.

Question 26

What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To generate identical cells for growth and repair

Answer

To create genetic diversity

Answer

To produce gametes for reproduction

Answer

To eliminate waste products

Question 27

Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equatorial plane?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Answer

Prophase

Question 28

How does mitosis ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

By separating sister chromatids during anaphase

Answer

By halving the chromosome number in each cell

Answer

By exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes

Answer

By duplicating the DNA during cytokinesis

Question 29

What is the first stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and carries out normal functions?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Answer

S phase

Answer

M phase

Answer

G2 phase

Question 30

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Answer

G1 phase

Answer

M phase

Answer

G2 phase

Question 31

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for the division of the cell's nucleus?

Accepted Answer

M phase

Answer

G2 phase

Answer

S phase

Answer

G1 phase

Question 32

What is the complementary RNA strand for the DNA sequence 5'-ATCGGTA-3'?

Accepted Answer

5'-UAGCCAU-3'

Answer

3'-UAGCCAU-5'

Answer

5'-TAGCCAT-3'

Answer

3'-TAGCCAT-5'

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of DNA into a complementary RNA strand

Answer

Replication of DNA

Answer

Synthesis of proteins from an RNA template

Answer

Conversion of RNA into a DNA strand

Question 34

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

Answer

To replicate DNA

Answer

To synthesize amino acids

Answer

To degrade proteins

Biology A Module 3

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