Middle Test Translation in ELT

What does translation primarily involve?

• Rewriting content in the same language

• Transferring ideas and meaning from the source language to the target language

• Creating entirely new content in the target language

• Copying and pasting content

According to Nida and Taber, which is a key aspect of translation?

• Literal word-for-word rendering

• Reproducing the closest natural equivalent in meaning and style

• Using only formal equivalence

• Simplifying the message for the reader

Who emphasized the importance of meaning equivalence in translation?

• Newmark

• Catford

• Nida and Taber

• Larson

Process of Translation: What are the three stages of the translation process according to Nida and Taber?

• Interpretation, transformation, integration

• Analysis, transfer, restructuring

• Translation, review, adjustment

• Decoding, encoding, adapting

Process of Translation: What happens in the 'restructuring' stage of translation?

• Understanding the grammar of the source text

• Translating the message into an equivalent form

• Adjusting the final message for the target audience

• Rearranging words for literal translation

Meaning and Translation: What is 'referential meaning'?

• Emotional meaning

• Symbolic or associative meaning

• The concrete meaning a word refers to

• Abstract meaning inferred from context

Meaning and Translation: What is an example of a connotative meaning?

• A dictionary definition of 'green'

• The use of 'green' in 'green with envy'

• The literal color 'green'

• The translation of 'green' to 'verde' in Spanish

Techniques and Strategies: Which expert refers to translation techniques as 'procedures'?

• Molina and Albir

• Newmark

• Hatim and Munday

• Larson

Techniques and Strategies: What is 'modulation' in translation?

• Replacing a source word with its direct equivalent

• Changing the viewpoint or perspective while retaining meaning

• Adding more information to clarify

• Removing unnecessary details

Techniques and Strategies: What is 'borrowing' as a translation technique?

• Explaining a term instead of translating

• Using a term directly from the source language

• Using synonyms to replace complex words

• Adapting content to cultural norms