Quiz on Observational Studies and Sampling Techniques

In educational research, observational studies are sometimes referred to as natural experiments. Explain what this means in the context of studying teaching methods.

• In an observational study, students are assigned to different teaching methods through random selection.

• In an observational study, a researcher measures characteristics of interest of a part of a classroom but does not change existing teaching conditions.

• In an observational study, students are paired up according to a similarity in learning styles.

• In an observational study, a new teaching method is applied to part of a classroom and student responses are observed.

Answer explanation

Observational studies, or natural experiments, involve researchers measuring characteristics of a population without altering conditions. This allows for the observation of real-world effects without intervention.

Identify the two educational activities described in the study and determine if the results indicate that the activities are independent or dependent.

• Attending online classes and not attending online classes.

• Studying with peers and using educational apps.

• Using educational apps and improving test scores.

• Using educational apps and not using educational apps.

Answer explanation

The study indicates a relationship between being around satellite televisions and developing cancer, suggesting these events are dependent. The correct choice highlights this connection.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.CP.A.2

CCSS.HSS.CP.A.4

In a classroom, a teacher explains that the likelihood of any event happening cannot exceed what percentage?

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

• 150%

Answer explanation

The probability of an event ranges from 0% to 100%. It cannot exceed 100% because that would imply certainty of occurrence, which is not possible. Therefore, the correct answer is 100%.

Tags

CCSS.7.SP.C.5

In educational research, when testing a new teaching method, what are the two types of hypotheses that researchers use to evaluate its effectiveness?

• Null and alternative

• Type I and Type II

• Population and sample

• Left-tailed and right-tailed

Answer explanation

In hypothesis testing, the two types of hypotheses are the null hypothesis, which states there is no effect or difference, and the alternative hypothesis, which suggests there is an effect or difference. Thus, the correct answer is 'Null and alternative'.

In a classroom setting, a teacher claims that more than 32% of students prefer online learning over traditional classroom learning. Identify which is the claim.

• The alternative hypothesis Hₐ: p > 0.32 is the claim.

• The null hypothesis H₀: p ≥ 0.32 is the claim.

• The alternative hypothesis Hₐ: p ≠ 0.32 is the claim.

• The null hypothesis H₀: p ≤ 0.32 is the claim.

• The alternative hypothesis Hₐ: p < 0.32 is the claim.

Answer explanation

The claim is typically represented by the alternative hypothesis. In this case, Hₐ: p > 0.32 suggests a specific direction of interest, making it the claim, while the null hypothesis H₀: p ≥ 0.32 does not assert a specific claim.

In a classroom setting, give examples of two variables that have a perfect positive linear correlation and two variables that have a perfect negative linear correlation.

• Two variables that have perfect positive linear correlation are the number of hours studied and the score on a test. Two variables that have perfect negative linear correlation are the number of absences and the score on a test.

• Two variables that have perfect positive linear correlation are the number of books read and the vocabulary size. Two variables that have perfect negative linear correlation are the time spent on social media and the time spent on homework.

• Two variables that have perfect positive linear correlation are the number of assignments completed and the final grade. Two variables that have perfect negative linear correlation are the time spent playing video games and the time spent studying.

• Two variables that have perfect positive linear correlation are the number of practice problems solved and the understanding of the subject. Two variables that have perfect negative linear correlation are the time spent procrastinating and the quality of work submitted.

Answer explanation

The correct choice identifies that the price per gallon of gasoline and the total cost of gasoline have a perfect positive correlation, as one directly affects the other. The distance from a door and the height of a wheelchair ramp have a perfect negative correlation.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.ID.B.5

In a classroom, a student scored 2.00 on a test. What is the z-score for this student's test score?

• 1.00

• 2.00

• 0.50

• 3.00

Answer explanation

The z-score measures how many standard deviations a value is from the mean. A z-score of 2.00 indicates that the value is 2 standard deviations above the mean, making 2.00 the correct answer.

In a classroom setting, when a teacher records the number of students present each day, what type of data is being collected?

• Continuous

• Qualitative

• Discrete

• Random

Answer explanation

Discrete data consists of distinct, separate values, often counted in whole numbers. Examples include the number of students in a class or the number of cars in a parking lot, making 'Discrete' the correct choice.

In a classroom, if a teacher is certain that all students will pass the exam, what is the probability of this event?

• 0

• 0.5

• 1

• 0.75

Answer explanation

The probability of an event is 1 when it is certain to occur. This means the event will definitely happen, making the correct answer 1.

Tags

CCSS.7.SP.C.5

In a classroom setting, a teacher is evaluating the likelihood of students passing a test. The teacher mentions a value of 0.9839. What is this value most likely referring to?

• A probability

• A z-score

• A mean

• A median

Answer explanation

The value 0.9839 is likely referring to a probability, as it falls within the range of 0 to 1, which is typical for probabilities. Z-scores, means, and medians do not have such a specific range.

Tags

CCSS.7.SP.C.5