Science IFA #2 Review

Heat always travels from _______ to _________.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

A solid object heated to 120°C is placed inside a container of water at 33°C. What is the BEST explanation of the resulting change in temperature?

• The temperature of both the water and solid will decrease.

• The temperature of the solid will decrease and the water will decrease.

• The temperature of the water will increase; the temperature of the solid will decrease.

• The temperature of the water will remain constant; the temperature of the solid will decrease.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

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Red-hot steel ball bearings are dropped into a large bucket of cool water. Which graph BEST represents the changes in temperature that will occur?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

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If all the light waves are absorbed by an object then the object will appear

• black

• brown

• gray

• white

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NGSS.MS-PS4-2

For a science project, you mix baking soda and vinegar. This is an example of a chemical reaction being transformed from which type of energy?

• chemical

• mechanical

• solution

• thermal

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A rock is pushed out of a six-story window that is 60 feet above the ground. What energy changes occur as the rock falls to the ground?

• The potential energy of the rock is destroyed as it falls.

• The potential energy of the rock is transformed into kinetic energy.

• The kinetic energy of the rock is transformed into potential energy.

• The rock on the ground possesses more potential energy than it did when it was 60 feet higher.

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According to the graph, which of these remains constant throughout?

• total amount of energy

• potential energy

• kinetic energy

• time

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

A softball is hit high into the air. As it rises, the softball

• loses kinetic energy and loses potential energy.

• loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy.

• gains kinetic energy and gains potential energy.

• gains kinetic energy and loses potential energy.

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We know that the law of conservation of energy states that energy can not be created or destroyed. It only changes form. Consider this energy transformation diagram. Assume that the energy input in this case is chemical potential energy and the useful energy output is kinetic energy, specifically a small fan to keep you cool. The diagram also shows how to calculate the efficiency of the fan.

If the law of conservation of energy holds true, explain why the efficiency of the fan is not 100%.

• No machine is ever 100% efficient; some energy is not transformed.

• Some of the chemical potential energy is destroyed during the energy transformation.

• Some of the chemical potential energy is transformed into heat energy as well as kinetic energy.

• Conservation of energy also implies that some of the chemical potential energy is conserved or not used to run the

  fan.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Humans are unable to see inferred light. The ability to sense infrared thermal radiation evolved independently in several different families of snakes. Essentially, it allows these animals to sense radiant heat so accurately that even a blind rattlesnake can accurately target prey. Other snakes may detect warm bodies from up to a meter away. Which statement describes how the visible spectrum is different from the non-visible energy such as inferred radiation?

• A. Visible light has a greater intensity than inferred light.

• B. Visible light travels a further distance than inferred light.

• C. Visible light has a different wavelength than inferred light.

• D. Visible light travels at a different speed than inferred light.

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