Front

What is thermal energy?

Back

Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, which is related to its temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Front

What is conduction?

Back

Conduction is the process of heat transfer through direct contact between materials, where kinetic energy is transferred from one molecule to another.

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Front

What is convection?

Back

Convection is the process of heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases) where warmer, less dense areas rise and cooler, denser areas sink, creating a circulation pattern.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Front

What is radiation?

Back

Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, which can occur in a vacuum and does not require any medium.

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Front

What are the three states of matter?

Back

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas, each defined by the arrangement and movement of its molecules.

Front

Describe the molecular arrangement in solids.

Back

In solids, molecules are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement and can only vibrate in place.

Front

Describe the molecular arrangement in liquids.

Back

In liquids, molecules are in close contact but can move around freely, allowing liquids to take the shape of their container.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Front

Describe the molecular arrangement in gases.

Back

In gases, molecules are spaced far apart and move freely, filling the entire volume of their container.

Front

What is the role of density in convection?

Back

Density differences in fluids cause warmer, less dense fluid to rise and cooler, denser fluid to sink, driving the convection process.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

Front

What is an example of conduction?

Back

An example of conduction is a metal spoon getting hot when placed in a pot of boiling water.

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