Extent of Islam Under Muhammad

Who was the leader supported by the Shi’a sect?

• Abu-Bakr

• Umar

• Ali

• Uthman

What was the purpose of Umar's wars according to the text?

• To promote and maintain unity among Bedouins

• To conquer new lands for wealth

• To spread religious beliefs forcefully

• To establish trade routes

What major development is associated with Uthman's caliphate?

• Fought Bedouin tribes

• Expanded Islam to Egypt, Syria, and Iraq

• Spread Islam through Egypt and into North Africa

• Conflict with Umayyads

Who fought Bedouin tribes to maintain unity?

• Umar

• Uthman

• Ali

• Abu-Bakr

Which region was part of the Islamic world under Muhammad from 622 to 632?

• Arabia

• Andalusia

• Afghanistan

• Armenia

Which group in the Byzantine Empire welcomed Islamic invaders?

• Christians

• Non-Christians

• Zoroastrians

• Romans

How did the poll tax contribute to the spread of Islam?

• It discouraged people from converting.

• It provided a financial incentive to convert.

• It had no impact on conversion rates.

• It increased military recruitment.

What was a significant cultural impact of Islam's spread in terms of education?

• Decline of educational centers

• Flourishing of centers of learning

• Isolation of educational institutions

• Closure of schools

What was revived between Africa and Eurasia as a result of Islam's expansion?

• Political alliances

• Old trade networks

• Military conflicts

• Religious practices

Which city became an "international" city where Muslims from across Eurasia and Africa came together?

• Cairo

• Baghdad

• Mecca

• Damascus