7.8 C Temperature and Kinetic Energy

Two beakers are filled with different substances, but at the same temperature. The particles of substance A are more massive than those of substance B. Which particles are moving faster, and how can you tell?

• The particles in A and B have the same average speed, since they are at the same temperature.

• The particles in beaker A have a higher average speed than those in B, because their higher mass makes them harder to stop.

• The particles in beaker B have a higher average speed than those in A, because their lower mass makes them move faster.

• The particles in beaker B must be moving faster to compensate for their lower mass and still have the same average kinetic energy as those in A.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Look at the image of samples A and B. All particles are the same substance and have the same mass. On average, the particles in sample A have ________ kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. This means the temperature of sample A is ________ the temperature of sample B. Which terms best complete the sentences?

• less; higher than

• less; lower than

• more; lower than

• more; higher than

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A teacher performs a demonstration for their class using a metal ball and ring. The teacher asks the students to explain what happens to the ball from step 1 to step 3. Which explanation is the best?

• The particles in the ball gained kinetic energy when the temperature increased, and this caused them to spread out and increase the size of the ball.

• The particles in the ball gained kinetic energy when the temperature increased, and this caused each particle to increase in size, so the ball expanded.

• The particles in the ball lost kinetic energy to the air when the temperature increased, which caused the particles to spread out and make the ball larger.

• The heat added particles to the ball, which made the ball increase in size.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

The following steps occur during the take off and flight of a hot air balloon. Step 1: Before the heat source is turned on, the balloon lies deflated on the ground. Step 2: The heat source is turned on, and the balloon begins inflating and lifting off the ground. Step 3: The heat source remains on while the balloon is fully inflated and in the air. At which step in this process do the air particles inside the balloon have the most kinetic energy and why?

• Step 3, because as the temperature increases, particles move faster and spread out to fully inflate the balloon.

• Step 1, because as the temperature decreases, the particles move slower and spread when the balloon is deflated.

• Step 2, because as the temperature increases, the particles move faster and closer together to start inflating the balloon.

• Step 3, because as the temperature decreases, the particles move faster and spread out to fully inflate the balloon.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object?

• Temperature
• Kinetic Energy
• Conductor
• Joules

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Temperature is used to measure the average of which type of energy?

• elastic potential energy

• kinetic energy

• gravitational potential energy

• cold energy

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which of the following describes the molecules in a sample of water as the temperature of the water changes from 20°C to 30°C?

• The molecules speed up and their average kinetic energy increases.

• The molecules slow down and their average kinetic energy decreases.

• The molecules speed up and their average kinetic energy remains the same.

• The molecules slow down and their average kinetic energy remains the same.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

3. The images show particles of the same substance in three different states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

Which particles shown in the images have the greatest kinetic energy?

• 1. The particles that make up the liquid, since they fill the container.

• 1. The particles that make up the gas, since they are the closest together.

• 1. The particles that make up the gas, since they are moving at the greatest speed.]

• 1. The particles that make up the solid, since they are moving at the slowest speed.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which of the following determines the temperature of an object?

• speed of the atoms

• the stillness of antiatoms

• the mass of the object

• the density of the object

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4