Unit 4 and 5 Test - Study Guide - Pre-AP

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What role does ribosomal RNA (rRNA) play in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) catalyzes peptide bond formation during protein synthesis.

Front

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?

Back

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome.

Front

What is the primary function of proteins in the cell?

Back

Proteins perform a variety of functions including catalyzing biochemical reactions, providing structural support, and regulating cellular processes.

Front

Define transcription in molecular biology.

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA template.

Front

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon in translation?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid methionine.