Protein Synthesis and DNA replication

What best describes the function of mRNA?

• mRNA acts as a structural component of ribosomes.

• mRNA is involved in the replication of DNA.

• mRNA transcribes DNA in the nucleus

• mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

Answer explanation

mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. The statement 'mRNA transcribes DNA in the nucleus' is incorrect; transcription is the process of creating mRNA from DNA.

What the 4 bases in RNA?

• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

• Adenine, Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine

• Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

• Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine

Answer explanation

The four bases in RNA are Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine. Unlike DNA, RNA contains Uracil instead of Thymine, making the correct answer Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.

Which of the following best describes the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

• tRNA acts as a catalyst for enzyme reactions.

• tRNA synthesizes DNA during replication.

• tRNA transports nutrients to the cell membrane.

• tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Answer explanation

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into proteins during protein synthesis. This is its primary function, distinguishing it from other options that describe different processes.

What 3 bases represents the anticodon based on the codon AUG?

• AUG

• GUA

• UAC

• CUG

Answer explanation

The codon AUG codes for methionine and has the anticodon UAC. Anticodons are complementary to codons, so UAC pairs with AUG, making it the correct answer. The other options do not match.

Where is DNA located?

• In the cell nucleus

• In the cell membrane

• In the ribosomes

• In the mitochondria

Answer explanation

DNA is primarily located in the cell nucleus, where it is organized into chromosomes. While mitochondria also contain DNA, the main repository is in the nucleus, making 'In the cell nucleus' the correct answer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

What is an anticodon?

• A sequence of three amino acids in a protein.

• A type of protein that synthesizes DNA.

• A part of the ribosome that binds to mRNA.

• A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a codon in mRNA.

Answer explanation

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a codon in mRNA during protein synthesis, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Which of the following directly makes proteins?

• Golgi apparatus

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

Ribosomes are the cellular structures that directly synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences, making them essential for protein production.

Which of the following structures carries the DNA information from the nucleus, out to the ribosome?

• mRNA

• DNA polymerase

• rRNA

• tRNA

Answer explanation

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. This makes mRNA the correct choice for transporting DNA information.

What molecule is RNA made from?

• Amino acids

• Fatty acids

• DNA

• RNA

Answer explanation

RNA is made from nucleotides, which are the building blocks of RNA. These nucleotides are synthesized based on the template provided by DNA, making DNA the correct answer.

In which organelle does protein synthesis occur?

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Golgi apparatus

Answer explanation

Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes, which are the cellular structures responsible for translating mRNA into proteins. Other organelles like mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus have different functions.